Articles

A large-scale observational study linking various kinds of physical exercise to lipoprotein-lipid profile

Being a major cardiovascular risk factor, dyslipidemia is a critical problem in public health. Recommendations in performing regular physical exercise are important to prevent dyslipidemia.

Authors: Wan-Yu Lin

Development and validation of a food frequency questionnaire for Japanese athletes (FFQJA)

Food frequency questionnaires are considered an effective method for assessing habitual dietary intake, but they must be developed or validated with the target population. Portion size, supplement use and food...

Authors: Kazuko Ishikawa-Takata, Kaori Okamoto and Motoko Taguchi

Change in eating habits and physical activities before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong: a cross‐sectional study via random telephone survey

Hong Kong is a densely populated city with a low incidence and mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The city imposed different levels of social distancing including, the closure of sports venues a...

Authors: Jingxuan Wang, Eng Kiong Yeoh, Tony Ka Chun Yung, Martin Chi Sang Wong, Dong Dong, Xiao Chen, Maggie Ka Ying Chan, Eliza Lai Yi Wong, Yushan Wu, Zihao Guo, Yawen Wang, Shi Zhao and Ka Chun Chong

Correction to: Analysis of food and fluid intake in elite ultra-endurance runners during a 24-h world championship

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Authors: Chloé Lavoué, Julien Siracusa, Émeric Chalchat, Cyprien Bourrilhon and Keyne Charlot

Correction to: Serum and urinary concentrations of arsenic, beryllium, cadmium and lead after an aerobic training period of six months in aerobic athletes and sedentary people

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Authors: Diego Muñoz, Francisco J. Grijota, Ignacio Bartolomé, Jesús Siquier-Coll, Víctor Toro-Román and Marcos Maynar

Correction to: Erythrocyte concentrations of chromium, copper, manganese, molybdenum, selenium and zinc in subjects with different physical training levels

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Authors: M. Maynar, F. J. Grijota, J. Siquier-Coll, I. Bartolome, M. C. Robles and D. Muñoz

Serum levels of bone formation and resorption markers in relation to vitamin D status in professional gymnastics and physically active men during upper and lower body high-intensity exercise

To compare serum levels of bone turnover markers in athletes and non-athletes, and to evaluate the relationship between serum levels of vitamin D metabolites and exercise-induced changes in biomarker levels.

Authors: Jan Mieszkowski, Andrzej Kochanowicz, Elżbieta Piskorska, Bartłomiej Niespodziński, Joanna Siódmiak, Krzysztof Buśko, Blazej Stankiewicz, Dorota Olszewska-Słonina and Jędrzej Antosiewicz

Copper concentration in erythrocytes, platelets, plasma, serum and urine: influence of physical training

Physical training produces changes in the extracellular and intracellular concentrations of trace minerals elements. To our knowledge, only three compartments have been studied simultaneously. The aim of the p...

Authors: Víctor Toro-Román, Jesús Siquier-Coll, Ignacio Bartolomé, Francisco J. Grijota, Diego Muñoz and Marcos Maynar-Mariño

Sex differences and considerations for female specific nutritional strategies: a narrative review

Although there is a plethora of information available regarding the impact of nutrition on exercise performance, many recommendations are based on male needs due to the dominance of male participation in the n...

Authors: Kealey J. Wohlgemuth, Luke R. Arieta, Gabrielle J. Brewer, Andrew L. Hoselton, Lacey M. Gould and Abbie E. Smith-Ryan

Blueberry supplementation reduces the blood lactate response to running in normobaric hypoxia but has no effect on performance in recreational runners

Blueberries are concentrated with anthocyanins possessing antioxidant properties. As these properties counter fatigue, blueberry supplementation may improve performance and recovery, particularly in hypoxia, w...

Authors: Jason P. Brandenburg and Luisa V. Giles

The effects of different doses of caffeine on maximal strength and strength‐endurance in women habituated to caffeine

The main goal of this study was to assess the acute effects of 3 and 6 mg of caffeine intake per kg of body mass (b.m.) on maximal strength and strength-endurance in women habituated to caffeine.

Authors: Aleksandra Filip-Stachnik, Michal Wilk, Michal Krzysztofik, Ewelina Lulińska, James J. Tufano, Adam Zajac, Petr Stastny and Juan Del Coso

Relationship between energy availability, energy conservation and cognitive restraint with performance measures in male endurance athletes

Low energy availability in male athletes has gained a lot of attention in recent years, but direct evidence of its effects on health and performance is lacking. The aim of this research was to objectively meas...

Authors: Iva Jurov, Nicola Keay, Vedran Hadžić, Darjan Spudić and Samo Rauter

Effect of whey vs. soy protein supplementation on recovery kinetics following speed endurance training in competitive male soccer players: a randomized controlled trial

Soccer-specific speed-endurance training induces short-term neuromuscular fatigue and performance deterioration over a 72-h recovery period, associated with elevated markers of exercise-induced muscle damage. ...

Authors: Savvas Kritikos, Konstantinos Papanikolaou, Dimitrios Draganidis, Athanasios Poulios, Kalliopi Georgakouli, Panagiotis Tsimeas, Theofanis Tzatzakis, Dimitrios Batsilas, Alexios Batrakoulis, Chariklia K. Deli, Athanasios Chatzinikolaou, Magni Mohr, Athanasios Z. Jamurtas and Ioannis G. Fatouros

Effect of oral rehydration solution versus spring water intake during exercise in the heat on muscle cramp susceptibility of young men

Muscle cramp is a painful, involuntary muscle contraction, and that occurs during or following exercise is referred to as exercise-associated muscle cramp (EAMC). The causes of EAMC are likely to be multifacto...

Authors: Wing Yin Lau, Haruyasu Kato and Kazunori Nosaka

Skeletal muscle metabolism on whole-body positron emission tomography during pitching

Electromyography (EMG) has been used for evaluating skeletal muscle activity during pitching. However, it is difficult to observe the influence of movement on skeletal muscle activity in deep-lying regions of ...

Authors: Yasushi Takata, Junsuke Nakase, Anri Inaki, Takafumi Mochizuki, Kengo Shimozaki, Kazuki Asai, Seigo Kinuya and Hiroyuki Tsuchiya

The effects of 14-week betaine supplementation on endocrine markers, body composition and anthropometrics in professional youth soccer players: a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Betaine supplementation may enhance body composition outcomes when supplemented chronically during an exercise program. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of betaine supplementation on develo...

Authors: Hadi Nobari, Mehdi Kargarfard, Vazgen Minasian, Jason M. Cholewa and Jorge Pérez-Gómez

Effect of six weeks 1000 mg/day vitamin C supplementation and healthy training in elderly women on genes expression associated with the immune response - a randomized controlled trial

In this study, we investigated the effects of supplementation and exercise on the expression of genes associated with inflammation like CCL2, CRP, IL1, IL6, IL10 mRNA in elderly women.

Authors: Małgorzata Żychowska, Agata Grzybkowska, Mariusz Zasada, Anna Piotrowska, Danuta Dworakowska, Olga Czerwińska-Ledwig, Wanda Pilch and Jędrzej Antosiewicz

4-week eicosapentaenoic acid-rich fish oil supplementation partially protects muscular damage following eccentric contractions

We previously showed 8-week of fish oil supplementation attenuated muscle damage. However, the effect of a shorter period of fish oil supplementation is unclear. The present study investigated the effect of fi...

Authors: Yosuke Tsuchiya, Hisashi Ueda, Kenichi Yanagimoto, Ayaka Kato and Eisuke Ochi

Tomato powder is more effective than lycopene to alleviate exercise-induced lipid peroxidation in well-trained male athletes: randomized, double-blinded cross-over study

Consumption of nutritional supplements to optimize recovery is gaining popularity among athletes. Tomatoes contain micronutrients and various bioactive components with antioxidant properties. Many of the healt...

Authors: Farhad Gholami, Jose Antonio, Cassandra Evans, Khadijeh Cheraghi, Leila Rahmani and Fatemeh Amirnezhad

Nicotine supplementation enhances simulated game performance of archery athletes

Nicotine is beneficial to mood, arousal and cognition in humans. Due to the importance of cognitive functioning for archery athletes, we investigated the effects of nicotine supplementation on the cognitive ab...

Authors: Bao-Lien Hung, Li-Jung Chen, Yi-Ying Chen, Jhih-Bang Ou and Shih-Hua Fang

Ergogenic effect of pre-exercise chicken broth ingestion on a high-intensity cycling time-trial

chicken meat extract is a popular functional food in Asia. It is rich in the bioactive compounds carnosine and anserine, two histidine-containing dipeptides (HCD). Studies suggest that acute pre-exercise inges...

Authors: Silvia Barbaresi, Laura Blancquaert, Zoran Nikolovski, Sarah de Jager, Mathew Wilson, Inge Everaert, Siegrid De Baere, Siska Croubels, Stefaan De Smet, N. Tim Cable and Wim Derave

Low-fat, lactose-free and leucine-enriched chocolate cow milk prototype: A preliminary study on sensorial acceptability and gastrointestinal complaints following exhaustive exercise

Chocolate milk has gained recent scientific support as a recovery drink. However, it is known that high exercise-demand triggers gastrointestinal discomfort which continues post-exercise, thereby hindering thi...

Authors: Cristiano D. da Silva, Dirce R. de Oliveira, Ítalo T. Perrone, Carlos H. Fonseca and Emerson S. Garcia

Common questions and misconceptions about creatine supplementation: what does the scientific evidence really show?

Supplementing with creatine is very popular amongst athletes and exercising individuals for improving muscle mass, performance and recovery. Accumulating evidence also suggests that creatine supplementation pr...

Authors: Jose Antonio, Darren G. Candow, Scott C. Forbes, Bruno Gualano, Andrew R. Jagim, Richard B. Kreider, Eric S. Rawson, Abbie E. Smith-Ryan, Trisha A. VanDusseldorp, Darryn S. Willoughby and Tim N. Ziegenfuss

Structure and trends of international sport nutrition research between 2000 and 2018: bibliometric mapping of sport nutrition science

The tool kits of bibliometrics and science mapping provide a standard methodology to map the knowledge base of specific fields of science. The aim of the present research is the analysis of the recent internat...

Authors: Anna Kiss, Ágoston Temesi, Orsolya Tompa, Zoltán Lakner and Sándor Soós

Effect of sodium bicarbonate contribution on energy metabolism during exercise: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The effects of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) on anaerobic and aerobic capacity are commonly acknowledged as unclear due to the contrasting evidence thus, the present study analyzes the contribution of NaHCO₃ to ene...

Authors: Jorge Lorenzo Calvo, Huanteng Xu, Daniel Mon-López, Helios Pareja-Galeano and Sergio Lorenzo Jiménez

Short-term co-ingestion of creatine and sodium bicarbonate improves anaerobic performance in trained taekwondo athletes

Creatine (CR) and sodium bicarbonate (SB) alone improve anaerobic performance. However, the ergogenic effects of CR and SB co-ingestion on taekwondo anaerobic performance remains unknown.

Authors: Amir Sarshin, Vahid Fallahi, Scott C. Forbes, Alireza Rahimi, Majid S. Koozehchian, Darren G. Candow, Mojtaba Kaviani, Seyed Nemat khalifeh, Vahid Abdollahi and Alireza Naderi

The effect of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on exercise-induced muscle damage

Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) results in transient muscle inflammation, strength loss, muscle soreness and may cause subsequent exercise avoidance. Omega-3 (n-3) supplementation may minimise EIMD via i...

Authors: Yvoni Kyriakidou, Carly Wood, Chrystalla Ferrier, Alberto Dolci and Bradley Elliott

Correction to: The effect of New Zealand blackcurrant on sport performance and related biomarkers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Authors: A. J. Braakhuis, V. X. Somerville and R. D. Hurst

Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) in university athletes

Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) is able to identify differences in hydration status and body composition components, such as body cell mass (BCM) by means of plotting individuals in ellipses, wh...

Authors: Priscila Custódio Martins, Luis Alberto Gobbo and Diego Augusto Santos Silva

Reliability and diagnostic performance of a new blood ketone and glucose meter in humans

Accurate and reliable monitoring of blood ketone and glucose levels is useful for athletes adhering to a ketogenic diet who want to verify that they are in a state of ketosis and, therefore, accruing performan...

Authors: Andrew Ray Moore, Angelia Maleah Holland-Winkler, Jenna Kate Ansley, Eric Deiondre Hunter Boone and Megahn Kimberanne O’Reilly Schulte

Caffeine increases maximal fat oxidation during a graded exercise test: is there a diurnal variation?

There is evidence that caffeine increases the maximal fat oxidation rate (MFO) and aerobic capacity, which are known to be lower in the morning than in the afternoon. This paper examines the effect of caffeine...

Authors: Mauricio Ramírez-Maldonado, Lucas Jurado-Fasoli, Juan del Coso, Jonatan R. Ruiz and Francisco J. Amaro-Gahete

Essential amino acid-enriched whey enhances post-exercise whole-body protein balance during energy deficit more than iso-nitrogenous whey or a mixed-macronutrient meal: a randomized, crossover study

The effects of ingesting varying essential amino acid (EAA)/protein-containing food formats on protein kinetics during energy deficit are undetermined. Therefore, recommendations for EAA/protein food formats n...

Authors: Jess A. Gwin, David D. Church, Adrienne Hatch-McChesney, Jillian T. Allen, Marques A. Wilson, Alyssa N. Varanoske, Christopher T. Carrigan, Nancy E. Murphy, Lee M. Margolis, John W. Carbone, Robert R. Wolfe, Arny A. Ferrando and Stefan M. Pasiakos

Grape polyphenols supplementation for exercise-induced oxidative stress

Exercise induces free radicals’ overproduction and therefore, an enhancement of oxidative stress, defined as an imbalance between the production of reactive species and the intrinsic antioxidant defense. Redox...

Authors: Edurne Elejalde, Mari Carmen Villarán and Rosa María Alonso

The effect of citrus flavonoid extract supplementation on anaerobic capacity in moderately trained athletes: a randomized controlled trial

Nutritional supplementation is commonly used by athletes to improve their exercise performance. Previous studies demonstrated that citrus flavonoid extract (CFE) supplementation may be an effective strategy to...

Authors: Lieke E. van Iersel, Yala R. Stevens, Jose M. Conchillo and Freddy J. Troost

International society of sports nutrition position stand: caffeine and exercise performance

Following critical evaluation of the available literature to date, The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) position regarding caffeine intake is as follows:

Authors: Nanci S. Guest, Trisha A. VanDusseldorp, Michael T. Nelson, Jozo Grgic, Brad J. Schoenfeld, Nathaniel D. M. Jenkins, Shawn M. Arent, Jose Antonio, Jeffrey R. Stout, Eric T. Trexler, Abbie E. Smith-Ryan, Erica R. Goldstein, Douglas S. Kalman and Bill I. Campbell

Correction to: The effect of moderate intermittent versus continuous energy restriction on body composition and resting metabolic rate in resistance-trained females: A randomized controlled trial

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Authors: Madelin R. Siedler, Eric T. Trexler, Megan N. Humphries, Priscila Lamadrid, Brian Waddell, Sarah Ford, Gillian SanFilippo, Kaitlin Callahan, James Gegenheimer, Justin Reyes, Olivia Pane, Daniel Klahr, Maria Espinal, Marisa Urrutia and Bill I. Campbell

The effects of resistance training with or without peanut protein supplementation on skeletal muscle and strength adaptations in older individuals

Several studies suggest resistance training (RT) while supplementing with various protein supplements can enhance strength and muscle mass in older individuals. However, to date, no study has examined the effe...

Authors: Donald A. Lamb, Johnathon H. Moore, Morgan A. Smith, Christopher G. Vann, Shelby C. Osburn, Bradley A. Ruple, Carlton D. Fox, Kristen S. Smith, Olivia M. Altonji, Zade M. Power, Annsley E. Cerovsky, C. Owen Ross, Andy T. Cao, Michael D. Goodlett, Kevin W. Huggins, Andrew D. Fruge…

Time-restricted eating effects on performance, immune function, and body composition in elite cyclists: a randomized controlled trial

Although there is substantial interest in intermittent fasting as a dietary approach in active individuals, information regarding its effects in elite endurance athletes is currently unavailable. The present p...

Authors: Tatiana Moro, Grant Tinsley, Giovanni Longo, Davide Grigoletto, Antonino Bianco, Cinzia Ferraris, Monica Guglielmetti, Alessandro Veneto, Anna Tagliabue, Giuseppe Marcolin and Antonio Paoli

Effect of low- and high-carbohydrate diets on swimming economy: a crossover study

Swimming economy refers to the rate of energy expenditure relative to swimming speed of movement, is inversely related to the energetic cost of swimming, and is as a key factor influencing endurance swimming p...

Authors: Merry A. Bestard, Jeffrey A. Rothschild and George H. Crocker

Ingestion of maple-based and other carbohydrate sports drinks: effect on sensory perceptions during prolonged exercise

Taste and appreciation of sports drinks can affect perceived exertion during exercise. Anecdotal evidence shows that maple products are regularly consumed by recreational and professional athletes but very few...

Authors: Lorianne Lavoie and Jonathan Tremblay

Prevalence of iron deficiency among university kendo practitioners in Japan: an observational cohort study

Iron deficiency is widely recognized as being the cause of anemia in athletes, although iron status in athletes of Kendo, a traditional Japanese martial art based on swordsmanship and practiced as an educational ...

Authors: Takahiro Nabeyama, Yosuke Suzuki, Kana Yamamoto, Michiko Sakane, Yoichiro Sasaki, Haruka Shindo, Morihito Takita and Masahiro Kami

The effects of alpha lipoic acid on muscle strength recovery after a single and a short-term chronic supplementation - a study in healthy well-trained individuals after intensive resistance and endurance training

Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) has been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory activity and was tested as a drug for the treatment of various diseases. ALA is also frequently used as a nutrition supplement, in health...

Authors: Eduard Isenmann, Lucas Trittel and Patrick Diel

Effects of daily 24-gram doses of rice or whey protein on resistance training adaptations in trained males

Large (48-g), isonitrogenous doses of rice and whey protein have previously been shown to stimulate similar adaptations to resistance training, but the impact of consuming smaller doses has yet to be compared....

Authors: Jessica M. Moon, Kayla M. Ratliff, Julia C. Blumkaitis, Patrick S. Harty, Hannah A. Zabriskie, Richard A. Stecker, Brad S. Currier, Andrew R. Jagim, Ralf Jäger, Martin Purpura and Chad M. Kerksick

Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) Conference and Expo

Authors:

Acute and chronic effects of Rhaponticum carthamoides and Rhodiola rosea extracts supplementation coupled to resistance exercise on muscle protein synthesis and mechanical power in rats

Owing to its strength-building and adaptogenic properties, Rhaponticum carthamoides (Rha) has been commonly used by elite Soviet and Russian athletes. Rhodiola rosea (Rho) is known to reduce physical and mental f...

Authors: Rémi Roumanille, Barbara Vernus, Thomas Brioche, Vincent Descossy, Christophe Tran Van Ba, Sarah Campredon, Antony G. Philippe, Pierre Delobel, Christelle Bertrand-Gaday, Angèle Chopard, Anne Bonnieu, Guillaume Py and Pascale Fança-Berthon

Dietary and plasma blood α-linolenic acid as modulators of fat oxidation and predictors of aerobic performance

Among n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), the most important is α-linolenic acid (ALA). The biological activity of ALA is not equivalent to that of the long-chain n-3 PUFAs, and it has pleiotropic effects...

Authors: Aleksandra Y. Lyudinina, Ekaterina A. Bushmanova, Nina G. Varlamova and Evgeny R. Bojko

Understanding the effects of beetroot juice intake on CrossFit performance by assessing hormonal, metabolic and mechanical response: a randomized, double-blind, crossover design

Acute beetroot juice (BJ) intake has shown to enhance aerobic and anaerobic performance. However, no studies have evaluated the effects of BJ intake on CrossFit (CF) performance by linking hormonal, metabolic,...

Authors: Manuel Vicente Garnacho-Castaño, Guillem Palau-Salvà, Noemí Serra-Payá, Mario Ruiz-Hermosel, Marina Berbell, Xavier Viñals, Manuel Gomis Bataller, Teresa Carbonell, Sergio Vilches-Saez, Eulogio Pleguezuelos Cobo and Lorena Molina-Raya

Effect of 8-week n-3 fatty-acid supplementation on oxidative stress and inflammation in middle- and long-distance running athletes: a pilot study

Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), may alter oxidative status and immune function after exercise. The aim of this pilot study was to...

Authors: Daniela Buonocore, Manuela Verri, Andrea Giolitto, Enrico Doria, Michele Ghitti and Maurizia Dossena

Assessing the impact of a mushroom-derived food ingredient on vitamin D levels in healthy volunteers

Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency has been noted in athletic populations, although less is known about recreationally active individuals. Biofortification of natural food sources (e.g. UV radiat...

Authors: Jorge Marques Pinto, Viviane Merzbach, Ashley G. B. Willmott, Jose Antonio and Justin Roberts

The effect of vitamin D supplementation on the muscle damage after eccentric exercise in young men: a randomized, control trial

Vitamin D contributes to the optimal functioning of muscles. This study was designed to determine the modulating effect of vitamin D supplementation on the degree of muscle cell damage caused by eccentric exer...

Authors: W. Pilch, B. Kita, A. Piotrowska, Ł. Tota, M. Maciejczyk, O. Czerwińska-Ledwig, E. Sadowska- Krepa, S. Kita and T. Pałka