Articles

Supplementation of eicosapentaenoic acid-rich fish oil attenuates muscle stiffness after eccentric contractions of human elbow flexors

This study aimed to investigate the effect of supplementation of fish oil rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the damage of the biceps brachii after eccentric contractions (EC...

Authors: Yosuke Tsuchiya, Kenichi Yanagimoto, Hisashi Ueda and Eisuke Ochi

Effect of sodium bicarbonate ingestion during 6 weeks of HIIT on anaerobic performance of college students

Past studies have found that sodium bicarbonate ingestion prior to exercise has a performance-enhancing effect on high-intensity exercise. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of continuous sod...

Authors: Jieting Wang, Junqiang Qiu, Longyan Yi, Zhaoran Hou, Dan Benardot and Wei Cao

Effect of caffeinated gum on a battery of rugby-specific tests in trained university-standard male rugby union players

Caffeine has been shown to enhance strength, power and endurance, characteristics that underpin performance in rugby. Caffeinated gum has attracted interest as a novel vehicle for delivering caffeine, because ...

Authors: M. K. Ranchordas, H. Pratt, M. Parsons, A. Parry, C. Boyd and A. Lynn

Effect of a four-week ketogenic diet on exercise metabolism in CrossFit-trained athletes

The ketogenic diet is becoming a popular nutritional model among athletes. However, the relationship between its use and metabolism during exercise seems to have not been fully investigated.

Authors: Krzysztof Durkalec-Michalski, Paulina M. Nowaczyk and Katarzyna Siedzik

Fluid type influences acute hydration and muscle performance recovery in human subjects

Exercise and heat trigger dehydration and an increase in extracellular fluid osmolality, leading to deficits in exercise performance and thermoregulation. Evidence from previous studies supports the potential ...

Authors: Preston R. Harris, Douglas A. Keen, Eleni Constantopoulos, Savanna N. Weninger, Eric Hines, Matthew P. Koppinger, Zain I. Khalpey and John P. Konhilas

Effects of a polysaccharide-based multi-ingredient supplement on salivary immunity in non-elite marathon runners

Extreme exercise may alter the innate immune system. Glycans are involved in several biological processes including immune system regulation. However, limited data regarding the impact of glycan supplementatio...

Authors: Emma Roca, Elisabet Cantó, Lexa Nescolarde, Lidia Perea, Antoni Bayes-Genis, Oriol Sibila and Silvia Vidal

Effects of medium-term green tea extract supplementation combined with CrossFit workout on blood antioxidant status and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor in young men: a pilot study

Potential health benefits are attributed to the antioxidant properties of green tea polyphenolic compounds. The main aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of a six-week green tea extract (GTE) supplemen...

Authors: Ewa Sadowska-Krępa, Przemysław Domaszewski, Ilona Pokora, Aleksandra Żebrowska, Agnieszka Gdańska and Tomasz Podgórski

Physiological- and performance-related effects of acute olive oil supplementation at moderate exercise intensity

The consumption of olive oil is associated with a diminished risk of cardiovascular disorders and mortality, but the impact of olive oil supplementation on endurance performance is still unclear. Since the ben...

Authors: Laura Esquius, Sergi Garcia-Retortillo, Natàlia Balagué, Robert Hristovski and Casimiro Javierre

Development of a questionnaire to assess dietary restrictions runners use to mitigate gastrointestinal symptoms

Exercise induced gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms can plague athletes, especially runners. Sport nutrition recommendations are nutrient rather than foods focused and do not adequately address strategies to reduc...

Authors: Jill A. Parnell, Hailey Lafave, Kim Wagner–Jones, Robyn F. Madden and Kelly Anne Erdman

The effects of environmental hypoxia on substrate utilisation during exercise: a meta-analysis

A better understanding of hypoxia-induced changes in substrate utilisation can facilitate the development of nutritional strategies for mountaineers, military personnel and athletes during exposure to altitude...

Authors: Alex Griffiths, Oliver M. Shannon, Jamie Matu, Roderick King, Kevin Deighton and John P. O’Hara

Effects of placebo on bench throw performance of Paralympic weightlifting athletes: a pilot study

The aim of the present study was to analyse the effects of placebo on bench throw performance in Paralympic weightlifting athletes.

Authors: Gustavo De Conti Teixeira Costa, Luan Galvão, Martim Bottaro, João Felipe Mota, Gustavo Duarte Pimentel and Paulo Gentil

The acute effects of caffeine intake on time under tension and power generated during the bench press movement

The ability to generate high levels of power is one of the key factors determining success in many sport disciplines. Although there are studies confirming ergogenic effects of caffeine (CAF) on different phys...

Authors: Michal Wilk, Michal Krzysztofik, Adam Maszczyk, Jakub Chycki and Adam Zajac

The effect of L-theanine supplementation on the immune system of athletes exposed to strenuous physical exercise

The aim of this study was to analyze the response of selected components of the immune system in rowers to maximal physical exercise, and to verify if this response could be modulated by supplementation with L...

Authors: A. Juszkiewicz, A. Glapa, P. Basta, E. Petriczko, K. Żołnowski, B. Machaliński, J. Trzeciak, K. Łuczkowska and A. Skarpańska-Stejnborn

Chocolate Milk versus carbohydrate supplements in adolescent athletes: a field based study

The purpose of this study is to translate laboratory-based research on beverage-based supplements to a naturalistic, field setting in adolescent athletes. To this end, we tested the effects of two commercially...

Authors: Katelyn A. Born, Erin E. Dooley, P. Andy Cheshire, Lauren E. McGill, Jonathon M. Cosgrove, John L. Ivy and John B. Bartholomew

Rehydrating efficacy of maple water after exercise-induced dehydration

Dehydration impairs physiological function and physical performance, thus understanding effective rehydration strategies is paramount. Despite growing interest in natural rehydrating beverages, no study has ex...

Authors: Alexs Matias, Monique Dudar, Josip Kauzlaric, Kimberly A. Frederick, Shannon Fitzpatrick and Stephen J. Ives

Citrus Aurantium and caffeine complex versus placebo on biomarkers of metabolism: a double blind crossover design

The purpose of this study was to examine resting the metabolic response to the ingestion of a complex containing Citrus Aurantium + Caffeine (CA + C) and if its consumption influences metabolic recovery follow...

Authors: Brian Kliszczewicz, Emily Bechke, Cassie Williamson, Zackery Green, Paul Bailey, John McLester and Cherilyn McLester

The effects of Shilajit supplementation on fatigue-induced decreases in muscular strength and serum hydroxyproline levels

Shilajit is a safe, fluvic mineral complex exudate that is common to Ayurvedic medicine and is composed of fulvic acids, dibenzo-α-pyrones, proteins, and minerals. The purpose of this study was to examine the ...

Authors: Joshua L. Keller, Terry J. Housh, Ethan C. Hill, Cory M. Smith, Richard J. Schmidt and Glen O. Johnson

Effects of ascorbic acid supplementation on oxidative stress markers in healthy women following a single bout of exercise

Ascorbic acid is a water-soluble chain breaking antioxidant. It scavenges free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are produced during metabolic pathways. Exercise can produce an imbalance between R...

Authors: Manita Yimcharoen, Suwatsin Kittikunnathum, Chawannut Suknikorn, Wichuda Nak-on, Petcharee Yeethong, Tracy G. Anthony and Piyawan Bunpo

Effect of a short-term low fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide and polyol (FODMAP) diet on exercise-related gastrointestinal symptoms

Research has demonstrated that low fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide and polyol (FODMAP) diets improve gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome sufferers. Exercise-rel...

Authors: Melanie Wiffin, Lee Smith, Jose Antonio, James Johnstone, Liam Beasley and Justin Roberts

Acute caffeine supplementation in combat sports: a systematic review

Caffeine used as a supplement has been shown to improve physical and cognitive performance in several sport modalities due to its effects on the central nervous system. This review assesses the direct effects ...

Authors: Luis M. López-González, Antonio J. Sánchez-Oliver, Fernando Mata, Pablo Jodra, Jose Antonio and Raúl Domínguez

The effect of two β-alanine dosing strategies on 30-minute rowing performance: a randomized, controlled trial

β-alanine (βA) supplementation has been shown to increase intramuscular carnosine content and subsequent high-intensity performance in events lasting < 4 minutes (min), which may be dependent on total, as oppo...

Authors: Liam Beasley, Lee Smith, Jose Antonio, Dan Gordon, James Johnstone and Justin Roberts

Efficacy of a nootropic spearmint extract on reactive agility: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel trial

Proprietary spearmint extract (PSE) containing a minimum 14.5% rosmarinic acid and 24% total phenolic content, has evinced positive effects on cognition in individuals aged 50–70 with memory impairment after c...

Authors: Paul H. Falcone, Aaron C. Tribby, Roxanne M. Vogel, Jordan M. Joy, Jordan R. Moon, Chantelle A. Slayton, Micah M. Henigman, Joanne A. Lasrado, Brandon J. Lewis, Brenda A. Fonseca, Kristin M. Nieman and Kelli A. Herrlinger

Priority use of medium-chain fatty acids during high-intensity exercise in cross-country skiers

One of the topics discussed in sports science is the use of medium-chain saturated fat as an energy-saving nutrient additive when approaching high-intensity exercise. The purpose of this study was to compare t...

Authors: A. Yu. Lyudinina, G. E. Ivankova and E. R. Bojko

Metabolic impact of protein feeding prior to moderate-intensity treadmill exercise in a fasted state: a pilot study

Augmenting fat oxidation is a primary goal of fitness enthusiasts and individuals desiring to improve their body composition. Performing aerobic exercise while fasted continues to be a popular strategy to achi...

Authors: Bradley T. Gieske, Richard A. Stecker, Charles R. Smith, Kyle E. Witherbee, Patrick S. Harty, Robert Wildman and Chad M. Kerksick

Estimation of energy balance and training volume during Army Initial Entry Training

Adequate dietary intake is important for promoting adaptation and prevention of musculoskeletal injury in response to large volumes of physical training such as Army Initial Entry Training (IET). The purpose o...

Authors: Jeremy McAdam, Kaitlin McGinnis, Rian Ory, Kaelin Young, Andrew D. Frugé, Michael Roberts and JoEllen Sefton

Correction to: PAKs supplement improves immune status and body composition but not muscle strength in resistance trained individuals

The original article [1] contains an error whereby the author, Frederico G Romero’s name is displayed incorrectly; the correct spelling is instead displayed in this Correction article.

Authors: Frederico Gerlinger-Romero, Fabio S. Lira, Fernando A. Marques, Paulo C. Muzy, Rodolfo A. N. Peres and Érico C. Caperuto

Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) Conference and Expo

Authors:

Exercise training alters the glycemic response to carbohydrate and is an important consideration when evaluating dietary carbohydrate intake

Carbohydrates raise insulin concentrations in blood. Exercise decreases the insulin response to carbohydrate infusion and is beneficial in reducing postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations. This is impo...

Authors: Charles Paul Lambert

The acute effects of plyometric and sled towing stimuli with and without caffeine ingestion on vertical jump performance in professional soccer players

Post-activation potentiation (PAP) is the phenomenon by which muscular performance is enhanced in response to a conditioning stimulus. PAP has typically been evidenced via improved counter movement jump (CMJ) ...

Authors: Mauro A. Guerra Jr, Leonardo C. Caldas, Helder L. De Souza, Kaio F. Vitzel, Jason M. Cholewa, Michael J. Duncan and Lucas Guimarães-Ferreira

Combined extracts of Garcinia mangostana fruit rind and Cinnamomum tamala leaf supplementation enhances muscle strength and endurance in resistance trained males

A proprietary composition GMCT contains extracts of two popular Asian herbs viz., Garcinia mangostana (GM) fruit rind and Cinnamomum tamala (CT) leaf. We systematically evaluated physical performance and muscle s...

Authors: Manikyeswara Rao Konda, Krishnaraju Venkata Alluri, Prason Kumar Janardhanan, Golakoti Trimurtulu and Krishanu Sengupta

Effects of a single dose of beetroot juice on cycling time trial performance at ventilatory thresholds intensity in male triathletes

Beetroot juice (BJ) is classified as a high-level supplement for improving sports performance. There is some controversy over the benefits of BJ supplementation for endurance exercise performance, especially w...

Authors: Manuel Vicente Garnacho-Castaño, Guillem Palau-Salvà, Eduardo Cuenca, Arturo Muñoz-González, Pablo García-Fernández, María del Carmen Lozano-Estevan, Pablo Veiga-Herreros, José Luis Maté-Muñoz and Raúl Domínguez

Metabolomics profiling of xenobiotics in elite athletes: relevance to supplement consumption

Supplements are widely used among elite athletes to maintain health and improve performance. Despite multiple studies investigating use of dietary supplements by athletes, a comprehensive profiling of serum su...

Authors: Fatima Al-Khelaifi, Ilhame Diboun, Francesco Donati, Francesco Botrè, Mohammed Alsayrafi, Costas Georgakopoulos, Noha A. Yousri, Karsten Suhre and Mohamed A. Elrayess

The effect of chronic soluble keratin supplementation in physically active individuals on body composition, blood parameters and cycling performance

Keratins are structural, thiol-rich proteins, which comprise 90% of total poultry feather weight. Their favourable amino acid profile suggests the potential for use as a protein source and ergogenic aid for en...

Authors: Emma M. Crum, Yanita D. McLeay, Matthew J. Barnes and Stephen R. Stannard

Comparison of a sports-hydration drink containing high amylose starch with usual hydration practice in Australian rules footballers during intense summer training

Fluid deficits exceeding 1.6% can lead to physical and cognitive impairment in athletes. Sport drinks used by athletes are often hyper-osmolar but this is known to be suboptimal for rehydration in medical sett...

Authors: Sinead Mary O’Connell, Richard John Woodman, Ian Lewis Brown, David Julian Vincent, Henry Joseph Binder, Balakrishnan Siddartha Ramakrishna and Graeme Paul Young

Biotin and chromium histidinate improve glucose metabolism and proteins expression levels of IRS-1, PPAR-γ, and NF-κB in exercise-trained rats

Chromium histidinate (CrHis) and biotin are micronutrients commonly used to improve health by athletes and control glycaemia by patients with diabetes. This study investigates the effects of 8-week regular exe...

Authors: Mine Turgut, Vedat Cinar, Ragip Pala, Mehmet Tuzcu, Cemal Orhan, Hafize Telceken, Nurhan Sahin, Patrick Brice Defo Deeh, James R. Komorowski and Kazim Sahin

Development and validation of a dietary screener for carbohydrate intake in endurance athletes

Studies have shown that the majority of endurance athletes do not achieve the minimal recommended carbohydrate (CHO) intake of 6 g/kg of body weight (BW), with potentially negative impacts on recovery and perf...

Authors: Stéphanie Harrison, Élise Carbonneau, Denis Talbot, Simone Lemieux and Benoît Lamarche

Dietary intake of professional Australian football athletes surrounding body composition assessment

Sports Dietitians aim to assist in improving performance by developing nutrition knowledge (NK), enhancing dietary intake and optimising body composition of athletes. In a high-pressure environment, it is impo...

Authors: Sarah Louise Jenner, Gina Trakman, Aaron Coutts, Thomas Kempton, Samuel Ryan, Adrienne Forsyth and Regina Belski

Citrulline malate supplementation does not improve German Volume Training performance or reduce muscle soreness in moderately trained males and females

Use of supplements to aid performance is common practice amongst recreationally active individuals, including those without a sufficient evidence base. This investigation sought to assess whether acute supplem...

Authors: Andrew J. Chappell, Daniel M. Allwood, Rebecca Johns, Samantha Brown, Kiran Sultana, Annie Anand and Trevor Simper

Multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements, safety implications, and performance outcomes: a brief review

In recent years, a new class of dietary supplements called multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements (MIPS) has increased in popularity. These supplements are intended to be taken prior to exercise and typicall...

Authors: Patrick S. Harty, Hannah A. Zabriskie, Jacob L. Erickson, Paul E. Molling, Chad M. Kerksick and Andrew R. Jagim

A fat mass and obesity-associated gene polymorphism influences fat mass in exercise-trained individuals

A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene is a strong predictor of obesity in humans. The FTO SNP (rs1421085) results in a T to C nucleotide substitution that may...

Authors: Jose Antonio, Sarah Knafo, Ritishka Kapoor and Jaime L. Tartar

Efficacy of heat-killed Lactococcus lactis JCM 5805 on immunity and fatigue during consecutive high intensity exercise in male athletes: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial

Lactococcus lactis JCM 5805 (LC-Plasma) is a unique lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which activates plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC). We aimed to evaluate the effect of LC-Plasma on dendritic cell (DC) activity and ...

Authors: Yuta Komano, Kazunori Shimada, Hisashi Naito, Kosuke Fukao, Yoshihiko Ishihara, Toshio Fujii, Takeshi Kokubo and Hiroyuki Daida

ISSN exercise & sports nutrition review update: research & recommendations

Sports nutrition is a constantly evolving field with hundreds of research papers published annually. In the year 2017 alone, 2082 articles were published under the key words ‘sport nutrition’. Consequently, st...

Authors: Chad M. Kerksick, Colin D. Wilborn, Michael D. Roberts, Abbie Smith-Ryan, Susan M. Kleiner, Ralf Jäger, Rick Collins, Mathew Cooke, Jaci N. Davis, Elfego Galvan, Mike Greenwood, Lonnie M. Lowery, Robert Wildman, Jose Antonio and Richard B. Kreider

The effects of chronic betaine supplementation on body composition and performance in collegiate females: a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled trial

Betaine supplementation has been shown to improve body composition and some metrics of muscular performance in young men; but, whether betaine enhances body composition or performance in female subjects is cur...

Authors: Jason Michael Cholewa, Andrea Hudson, Taylor Cicholski, Amanda Cervenka, Karley Barreno, Kayla Broom, McKenzie Barch and Stuart A. S. Craig

Correction to: The effect of acute vs chronic magnesium supplementation on exercise and recovery on resistance exercise, blood pressure and total peripheral resistance on normotensive adults

The original article [1] contains an error whereby the datum value of ’17.7%’ in both the Abstract and the first line of the Bench press sub-section of the Results section is incorrect.

Authors: L. S. Kass and F. Poeira

The impact of supplementation with pomegranate fruit (Punica granatum L.) juice on selected antioxidant parameters and markers of iron metabolism in rowers

The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of pomegranate juice (POM) supplementation on the levels of selected pro-inflammatory cytokines, hepcidin and markers of iron metabolism in well-trained rowers.

Authors: A. Urbaniak, P. Basta, K. Ast, A. Wołoszyn, J. Kuriańska – Wołoszyn, Ewa Latour and A. Skarpańska – Stejnborn

The influence of citrus aurantium and caffeine complex versus placebo on the cardiac autonomic response: a double blind crossover design

The purpose of this study was to examine the resting cardiac autonomic nervous system’s response to the ingestion of a complex containing Citrus aurantium + Caffeine (CA + C) and its influence on recovery followi...

Authors: Brian Kliszczewicz, Emily Bechke, Cassie Williamson, Paul Bailey, Wade Hoffstetter, John McLester and Cherilyn McLester

Quality of life of female and male vegetarian and vegan endurance runners compared to omnivores – results from the NURMI study (step 2)

Health-related effects of a vegetarian or vegan diet are known to support parameters positively affecting exercise performance in athletes, whereas knowledge about psyche and wellbeing is sparse. Therefore, th...

Authors: Patrick Boldt, Beat Knechtle, Pantelis Nikolaidis, Christoph Lechleitner, Gerold Wirnitzer, Claus Leitzmann, Thomas Rosemann and Katharina Wirnitzer

β-Alanine supplementation increased physical performance and improved executive function following endurance exercise in middle aged individuals

Sarcopenia, a reduction in muscle mass and function seen in aging populations, may be countered by improving systemic carnosine stores via beta-Alanine (β-alanine) supplementation. Increasing systemic carnosin...

Authors: Taylor Furst, Alyssa Massaro, Courtney Miller, Brian T. Williams, Zach M. LaMacchia and Peter J. Horvath

Efficacy of ketogenic diet on body composition during resistance training in trained men: a randomized controlled trial

Ketogenic diets (KD) have become a popular method of promoting weight loss. More recently, some have recommended that athletes adhere to ketogenic diets in order to optimize changes in body composition during ...

Authors: Salvador Vargas, Ramón Romance, Jorge L. Petro, Diego A. Bonilla, Ismael Galancho, Sergio Espinar, Richard B. Kreider and Javier Benítez-Porres

Eight weeks of resistance training in conjunction with glutathione and L-Citrulline supplementation increases lean mass and has no adverse effects on blood clinical safety markers in resistance-trained males

Supplementation of combined glutathione (GSH) with L-citrulline in response to a single bout of resistance exercise has been shown to increase plasma nitric oxide metabolites, nitrite and nitrate and cyclic gu...

Authors: Paul Hwang, Flor E. Morales Marroquín, Josh Gann, Tom Andre, Sarah McKinley-Barnard, Caelin Kim, Masahiko Morita and Darryn S. Willoughby