Articles

Priority use of medium-chain fatty acids during high-intensity exercise in cross-country skiers

One of the topics discussed in sports science is the use of medium-chain saturated fat as an energy-saving nutrient additive when approaching high-intensity exercise. The purpose of this study was to compare t...

Authors: A. Yu. Lyudinina, G. E. Ivankova and E. R. Bojko

Metabolic impact of protein feeding prior to moderate-intensity treadmill exercise in a fasted state: a pilot study

Augmenting fat oxidation is a primary goal of fitness enthusiasts and individuals desiring to improve their body composition. Performing aerobic exercise while fasted continues to be a popular strategy to achi...

Authors: Bradley T. Gieske, Richard A. Stecker, Charles R. Smith, Kyle E. Witherbee, Patrick S. Harty, Robert Wildman and Chad M. Kerksick

Estimation of energy balance and training volume during Army Initial Entry Training

Adequate dietary intake is important for promoting adaptation and prevention of musculoskeletal injury in response to large volumes of physical training such as Army Initial Entry Training (IET). The purpose o...

Authors: Jeremy McAdam, Kaitlin McGinnis, Rian Ory, Kaelin Young, Andrew D. Frugé, Michael Roberts and JoEllen Sefton

Correction to: PAKs supplement improves immune status and body composition but not muscle strength in resistance trained individuals

The original article [1] contains an error whereby the author, Frederico G Romero’s name is displayed incorrectly; the correct spelling is instead displayed in this Correction article.

Authors: Frederico G. Romero, Fabio S. Lira, Fernando A. Marques, Paulo C. Muzy, Rodolfo A. N. Peres and Érico C. Caperuto

Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) Conference and Expo

Authors:

Exercise training alters the glycemic response to carbohydrate and is an important consideration when evaluating dietary carbohydrate intake

Carbohydrates raise insulin concentrations in blood. Exercise decreases the insulin response to carbohydrate infusion and is beneficial in reducing postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations. This is impo...

Authors: Charles Paul Lambert

Combined extracts of Garcinia mangostana fruit rind and Cinnamomum tamala leaf supplementation enhances muscle strength and endurance in resistance trained males

A proprietary composition GMCT contains extracts of two popular Asian herbs viz., Garcinia mangostana (GM) fruit rind and Cinnamomum tamala (CT) leaf. We systematically evaluated physical performance and muscle s...

Authors: Manikyeswara Rao Konda, Krishnaraju Venkata Alluri, Prason Kumar Janardhanan, Golakoti Trimurtulu and Krishanu Sengupta

The acute effects of plyometric and sled towing stimuli with and without caffeine ingestion on vertical jump performance in professional soccer players

Post-activation potentiation (PAP) is the phenomenon by which muscular performance is enhanced in response to a conditioning stimulus. PAP has typically been evidenced via improved counter movement jump (CMJ) ...

Authors: Mauro A. Guerra Jr, Leonardo C. Caldas, Helder L. De Souza, Kaio F. Vitzel, Jason M. Cholewa, Michael J. Duncan and Lucas Guimarães-Ferreira

Effects of a single dose of beetroot juice on cycling time trial performance at ventilatory thresholds intensity in male triathletes

Beetroot juice (BJ) is classified as a high-level supplement for improving sports performance. There is some controversy over the benefits of BJ supplementation for endurance exercise performance, especially w...

Authors: Manuel Vicente Garnacho-Castaño, Guillem Palau-Salvà, Eduardo Cuenca, Arturo Muñoz-González, Pablo García-Fernández, María del Carmen Lozano-Estevan, Pablo Veiga-Herreros, José Luis Maté-Muñoz and Raúl Domínguez

Metabolomics profiling of xenobiotics in elite athletes: relevance to supplement consumption

Supplements are widely used among elite athletes to maintain health and improve performance. Despite multiple studies investigating use of dietary supplements by athletes, a comprehensive profiling of serum su...

Authors: Fatima Al-Khelaifi, Ilhame Diboun, Francesco Donati, Francesco Botrè, Mohammed Alsayrafi, Costas Georgakopoulos, Noha A. Yousri, Karsten Suhre and Mohamed A. Elrayess

The effect of chronic soluble keratin supplementation in physically active individuals on body composition, blood parameters and cycling performance

Keratins are structural, thiol-rich proteins, which comprise 90% of total poultry feather weight. Their favourable amino acid profile suggests the potential for use as a protein source and ergogenic aid for en...

Authors: Emma M. Crum, Yanita D. McLeay, Matthew J. Barnes and Stephen R. Stannard

Comparison of a sports-hydration drink containing high amylose starch with usual hydration practice in Australian rules footballers during intense summer training

Fluid deficits exceeding 1.6% can lead to physical and cognitive impairment in athletes. Sport drinks used by athletes are often hyper-osmolar but this is known to be suboptimal for rehydration in medical sett...

Authors: Sinead Mary O’Connell, Richard John Woodman, Ian Lewis Brown, David Julian Vincent, Henry Joseph Binder, Balakrishnan Siddartha Ramakrishna and Graeme Paul Young

Biotin and chromium histidinate improve glucose metabolism and proteins expression levels of IRS-1, PPAR-γ, and NF-κB in exercise-trained rats

Chromium histidinate (CrHis) and biotin are micronutrients commonly used to improve health by athletes and control glycaemia by patients with diabetes. This study investigates the effects of 8-week regular exe...

Authors: Mine Turgut, Vedat Cinar, Ragip Pala, Mehmet Tuzcu, Cemal Orhan, Hafize Telceken, Nurhan Sahin, Patrick Brice Defo Deeh, James R. Komorowski and Kazim Sahin

Dietary intake of professional Australian football athletes surrounding body composition assessment

Sports Dietitians aim to assist in improving performance by developing nutrition knowledge (NK), enhancing dietary intake and optimising body composition of athletes. In a high-pressure environment, it is impo...

Authors: Sarah Louise Jenner, Gina Trakman, Aaron Coutts, Thomas Kempton, Samuel Ryan, Adrienne Forsyth and Regina Belski

Development and validation of a dietary screener for carbohydrate intake in endurance athletes

Studies have shown that the majority of endurance athletes do not achieve the minimal recommended carbohydrate (CHO) intake of 6 g/kg of body weight (BW), with potentially negative impacts on recovery and perf...

Authors: Stéphanie Harrison, Élise Carbonneau, Denis Talbot, Simone Lemieux and Benoît Lamarche

Citrulline malate supplementation does not improve German Volume Training performance or reduce muscle soreness in moderately trained males and females

Use of supplements to aid performance is common practice amongst recreationally active individuals, including those without a sufficient evidence base. This investigation sought to assess whether acute supplem...

Authors: Andrew J. Chappell, Daniel M. Allwood, Rebecca Johns, Samantha Brown, Kiran Sultana, Annie Anand and Trevor Simper

Multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements, safety implications, and performance outcomes: a brief review

In recent years, a new class of dietary supplements called multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements (MIPS) has increased in popularity. These supplements are intended to be taken prior to exercise and typicall...

Authors: Patrick S. Harty, Hannah A. Zabriskie, Jacob L. Erickson, Paul E. Molling, Chad M. Kerksick and Andrew R. Jagim

A fat mass and obesity-associated gene polymorphism influences fat mass in exercise-trained individuals

A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene is a strong predictor of obesity in humans. The FTO SNP (rs1421085) results in a T to C nucleotide substitution that may...

Authors: Jose Antonio, Sarah Knafo, Ritishka Kapoor and Jaime L. Tartar

Efficacy of heat-killed Lactococcus lactis JCM 5805 on immunity and fatigue during consecutive high intensity exercise in male athletes: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial

Lactococcus lactis JCM 5805 (LC-Plasma) is a unique lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which activates plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC). We aimed to evaluate the effect of LC-Plasma on dendritic cell (DC) activity and ...

Authors: Yuta Komano, Kazunori Shimada, Hisashi Naito, Kosuke Fukao, Yoshihiko Ishihara, Toshio Fujii, Takeshi Kokubo and Hiroyuki Daida

ISSN exercise & sports nutrition review update: research & recommendations

Sports nutrition is a constantly evolving field with hundreds of research papers published annually. In the year 2017 alone, 2082 articles were published under the key words ‘sport nutrition’. Consequently, st...

Authors: Chad M. Kerksick, Colin D. Wilborn, Michael D. Roberts, Abbie Smith-Ryan, Susan M. Kleiner, Ralf Jäger, Rick Collins, Mathew Cooke, Jaci N. Davis, Elfego Galvan, Mike Greenwood, Lonnie M. Lowery, Robert Wildman, Jose Antonio and Richard B. Kreider

The effects of chronic betaine supplementation on body composition and performance in collegiate females: a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled trial

Betaine supplementation has been shown to improve body composition and some metrics of muscular performance in young men; but, whether betaine enhances body composition or performance in female subjects is cur...

Authors: Jason Michael Cholewa, Andrea Hudson, Taylor Cicholski, Amanda Cervenka, Karley Barreno, Kayla Broom, McKenzie Barch and Stuart A. S. Craig

Correction to: The effect of acute vs chronic magnesium supplementation on exercise and recovery on resistance exercise, blood pressure and total peripheral resistance on normotensive adults

The original article [1] contains an error whereby the datum value of ’17.7%’ in both the Abstract and the first line of the Bench press sub-section of the Results section is incorrect.

Authors: L. S. Kass and F. Poeira

The influence of citrus aurantium and caffeine complex versus placebo on the cardiac autonomic response: a double blind crossover design

The purpose of this study was to examine the resting cardiac autonomic nervous system’s response to the ingestion of a complex containing Citrus aurantium + Caffeine (CA + C) and its influence on recovery followi...

Authors: Brian Kliszczewicz, Emily Bechke, Cassie Williamson, Paul Bailey, Wade Hoffstetter, John McLester and Cherilyn McLester

The impact of supplementation with pomegranate fruit (Punica granatum L.) juice on selected antioxidant parameters and markers of iron metabolism in rowers

The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of pomegranate juice (POM) supplementation on the levels of selected pro-inflammatory cytokines, hepcidin and markers of iron metabolism in well-trained rowers.

Authors: A. Urbaniak, P. Basta, K. Ast, A. Wołoszyn, J. Kuriańska – Wołoszyn, Ewa Latour and A. Skarpańska – Stejnborn

Quality of life of female and male vegetarian and vegan endurance runners compared to omnivores – results from the NURMI study (step 2)

Health-related effects of a vegetarian or vegan diet are known to support parameters positively affecting exercise performance in athletes, whereas knowledge about psyche and wellbeing is sparse. Therefore, th...

Authors: Patrick Boldt, Beat Knechtle, Pantelis Nikolaidis, Christoph Lechleitner, Gerold Wirnitzer, Claus Leitzmann, Thomas Rosemann and Katharina Wirnitzer

β-Alanine supplementation increased physical performance and improved executive function following endurance exercise in middle aged individuals

Sarcopenia, a reduction in muscle mass and function seen in aging populations, may be countered by improving systemic carnosine stores via beta-Alanine (β-alanine) supplementation. Increasing systemic carnosin...

Authors: Taylor Furst, Alyssa Massaro, Courtney Miller, Brian T. Williams, Zach M. LaMacchia and Peter J. Horvath

Efficacy of ketogenic diet on body composition during resistance training in trained men: a randomized controlled trial

Ketogenic diets (KD) have become a popular method of promoting weight loss. More recently, some have recommended that athletes adhere to ketogenic diets in order to optimize changes in body composition during ...

Authors: Salvador Vargas, Ramón Romance, Jorge L. Petro, Diego A. Bonilla, Ismael Galancho, Sergio Espinar, Richard B. Kreider and Javier Benítez-Porres

Eight weeks of resistance training in conjunction with glutathione and L-Citrulline supplementation increases lean mass and has no adverse effects on blood clinical safety markers in resistance-trained males

Supplementation of combined glutathione (GSH) with L-citrulline in response to a single bout of resistance exercise has been shown to increase plasma nitric oxide metabolites, nitrite and nitrate and cyclic gu...

Authors: Paul Hwang, Flor E. Morales Marroquín, Josh Gann, Tom Andre, Sarah McKinley-Barnard, Caelin Kim, Masahiko Morita and Darryn S. Willoughby

Low-fat diet, and medium-fat diets containing coconut oil and soybean oil exert different metabolic effects in untrained and treadmill-trained mice

Diets containing fats of different proportions and types have been demonstrated to influence metabolism. These fats differ in long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) or medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) content. In our ...

Authors: Mark Christian Manio, Shigenobu Matsumura and Kazuo Inoue

Serum concentration of cobalt, molybdenum and zinc in aerobic, anaerobic and aerobic-anaerobic sportsmen

The aim of the present study was to determine changes in the serum concentrations of trace elements Cobalt (Co), Molybdenum (Mo) and Zinc (Zn) among high-level sportsmen.

Authors: Marcos Maynar, Francisco Llerena, Francisco Javier Grijota, Mario Pérez-Quintero, Ignacio Bartolomé, Javier Alves, María Concepción Robles and Diego Muñoz

Individualized hydration plans improve performance outcomes for collegiate athletes engaging in in-season training

Athletes commonly consume insufficient fluid and electrolytes just prior to, or during training and competition. Unlike non-athletes or athletes who do not engage in frequent rigorous and prolonged training se...

Authors: David Ayotte Jr and Michael P. Corcoran

Enhanced 400-m sprint performance in moderately trained participants by a 4-day alkalizing diet: a counterbalanced, randomized controlled trial

Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) is an alkalizing agent and its ingestion is used to improve anaerobic performance. However, the influence of alkalizing nutrients on anaerobic exercise performance remains unclear. The...

Authors: Mirjam Limmer, Angi Diana Eibl and Petra Platen

Impact of a purported nootropic supplementation on measures of mood, stress, and marksmanship performance in U.S. active duty soldiers

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of a commercially available purported nootropic supplement on mood, stress, and rifle marksmanship accuracy and engagement time via an Engagement Skills Tr...

Authors: Nicholas Barringer, Aaron Crombie and Russ Kotwal

Daytime and nighttime casein supplements similarly increase muscle size and strength in response to resistance training earlier in the day: a preliminary investigation

Casein protein consumed before sleep has been suggested to offer an overnight supply of exogenous amino acids for anabolic processes. The purpose of this study was to compare supplemental casein consumed earli...

Authors: Jordan M. Joy, Roxanne M. Vogel, K. Shane Broughton, Urszula Kudla, Nathaniel Y. Kerr, Jason M. Davison, Robert E. C. Wildman and Nancy M. DiMarco

The effect of carbohydrate mouth rinse on performance, biochemical and psychophysiological variables during a cycling time trial: a crossover randomized trial

The hypothesis of the central effect of carbohydrate mouth rinse (CMR) on performance improvement in a fed state has not been established, and its psychophysiological responses have not yet been described. The...

Authors: Amanda M. J. Ferreira, Luiz F. Farias-Junior, Thaynan A. A. Mota, Hassan M. Elsangedy, Aline Marcadenti, Telma M. A. M. Lemos, Alexandre H. Okano and Ana P. T. Fayh

Creatine-electrolyte supplementation improves repeated sprint cycling performance: A double blind randomized control study

Creatine supplementation is recommended as an ergogenic aid to improve repeated sprint cycling performance. Furthermore, creatine uptake is increased in the presence of electrolytes. Prior research examining t...

Authors: Daniel L. Crisafulli, Harsh H. Buddhadev, Lorrie R. Brilla, Gordon R. Chalmers, David N. Suprak and Jun G. San Juan

Effect of bilberry juice on indices of muscle damage and inflammation in runners completing a half-marathon: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial

Emerging evidence indicates that fruits rich in polyphenols may attenuate exercise-induced muscle damage and associated markers of inflammation and soreness. This study was conducted to determine whether bilbe...

Authors: Anthony Lynn, Samantha Garner, Nichola Nelson, Trevor N. Simper, Anna C. Hall and Mayur K. Ranchordas

Effects of hydroxytyrosol dose on the redox status of exercised rats: the role of hydroxytyrosol in exercise performance

Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is a polyphenol found in olive oil that is known for its antioxidant effects. Here, we aimed to describe the effects of a low and high HT dose on the physical running capacity and redox sta...

Authors: Saad Al Fazazi, Rafael A. Casuso, Jerónimo Aragón-Vela, Cristina Casals and Jesús R. Huertas

Effects of β-alanine supplementation during a 5-week strength training program: a randomized, controlled study

β-Alanine (BA) is a non-essential amino acid that has been shown to enhance exercise performance. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if BA supplementation improved the adaptive response to five...

Authors: José Luis Maté-Muñoz, Juan H. Lougedo, Manuel V. Garnacho-Castaño, Pablo Veiga-Herreros, María del Carmen Lozano-Estevan, Pablo García-Fernández, Fernando de Jesús, Jesús Guodemar-Pérez, Alejandro F. San Juan and Raúl Domínguez

Effects of n-3 fatty acids and exercise on oxidative stress parameters in type 2 diabetic: a randomized clinical trial

The relationship between diabetes and oxidative stress has been previously reported. Exercise represents a useful non-pharmacological strategy for the treatment in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients, but high int...

Authors: Ana Paula Trussardi Fayh, Katiuce Borges, Giovani Santos Cunha, Mauricio Krause, Ricardo Rocha, Paulo Ivo Homem de Bittencourt Jr, José Cláudio Fonseca Moreira, Rogério Friedman, Juliane da Silva Rossato, Jõao Roberto Fernandes and Alvaro Reischak-Oliveira

Development and validation of a brief general and sports nutrition knowledge questionnaire and assessment of athletes’ nutrition knowledge

The Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire (NSKQ) is an 89-item, valid and reliable measure of sports nutrition knowledge (SNK). It takes 25 min to complete and has been subject to low completion and resp...

Authors: Gina Louise Trakman, Adrienne Forsyth, Russell Hoye and Regina Belski

Prevalence of supplement use in recreationally active Kazakhstan university students

Little is known about the supplements use and recreational sport practices in Kazakhstan university students. Therefore, the aim of this study was to ascertain supplements use prevalence and their predictors i...

Authors: Denis Vinnikov, Zhanna Romanova, Anar Dushpanova, Karashash Absatarova and Zhazira Utepbergenova

Prediction equation for estimating total daily energy requirements of special operations personnel

Special Operations Forces (SOF) engage in a variety of military tasks with many producing high energy expenditures, leading to undesired energy deficits and loss of body mass. Therefore, the ability to accurat...

Authors: N. D. Barringer, S. M. Pasiakos, H. L. McClung, A. P. Crombie and L. M. Margolis

Herbal medicine for sports: a review

The use of herbal medicinal products and supplements has increased during last decades. At present, some herbs are used to enhance muscle strength and body mass. Emergent evidence suggests that the health benefit...

Authors: Maha Sellami, Olfa Slimeni, Andrzej Pokrywka, Goran Kuvačić, Lawrence D Hayes, Mirjana Milic and Johnny Padulo

Effects of a high-fat diet on superoxide anion generation and membrane fluidity in liver mitochondria in rats

Obesity is a primary factor of lifestyle-related diseases, and the age of its onset has decreased. The reactive oxygen species (ROS), the superoxide anion, is generated in the mitochondrial electron transport ...

Authors: M Togo, N Konari, M Tsukamoto, R Kimoto, T Yamaguchi, H Takeda and I Kambayashi

Calorie restriction regime enhances physical performance of trained athletes

Caloric restriction induces mitochondrial biogenesis and improves physical fitness in rodents. We aimed to provide evidence of how caloric restriction affects the body composition and physical performance of t...

Authors: Victoria Pons, Joan Riera, Xavier Capó, Miquel Martorell, Antoni Sureda, Josep A. Tur, Franchek Drobnic and Antoni Pons

Effects of caffeine intake on muscle strength and power: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Caffeine is commonly used as an ergogenic aid. Literature about the effects of caffeine ingestion on muscle strength and power is equivocal. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize...

Authors: Jozo Grgic, Eric T. Trexler, Bruno Lazinica and Zeljko Pedisic

How much protein can the body use in a single meal for muscle-building? Implications for daily protein distribution

Controversy exists about the maximum amount of protein that can be utilized for lean tissue-building purposes in a single meal for those involved in regimented resistance training. It has been proposed that mu...

Authors: Brad Jon Schoenfeld and Alan Albert Aragon

An attempt to induce an immunomodulatory effect in rowers with spirulina extract

The aim of this study was to analyze the response of selected components of the immune system in rowers to maximal physical exercise, and to verify if this response can be modulated by supplementation with spi...

Authors: Artur Juszkiewicz, Piotr Basta, Elżbieta Petriczko, Bogusław Machaliński, Jerzy Trzeciak, Karolina Łuczkowska and Anna Skarpańska-Stejnborn

Influence of acute consumption of caffeine vs. placebo over Bia-derived measurements of body composition: a randomized, double-blind, crossover design

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is often used to estimate total body water (TBW), intracellular body water (ICW), extracellular body water (ECW), and body fat percentage (BF%). A common restriction for ...

Authors: Cassie M. Williamson, Brett S. Nickerson, Emily E. Bechke, Cherilyn N. McLester and Brian M. Kliszczewicz