Articles

The relationship between vitamin D status and depression in a tactical athlete population

Stressors inherent to the military, such as combat exposure, separation from family, and strenuous training, collectively contribute to compromised psychological resilience and greatly impact military performa...

Authors: Kelly A. Schaad, Asma S. Bukhari, Daniel I. Brooks, Justin D. Kocher and Nicholas D. Barringer

Effects of enzymatically modified isoquercitrin in supplementary protein powder on athlete body composition: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial

Enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ), a water-soluble quercetin, has been shown to intensify muscle hypertrophy in mice. We investigated the effect of EMIQ in supplementary protein powder on athlete bod...

Authors: Naomi Omi, Hideki Shiba, Eisaku Nishimura, Sakuka Tsukamoto, Hiroko Maruki-Uchida, Masaya Oda and Minoru Morita

Dose-dependent effect of caffeine supplementation on judo-specific performance and training activity: a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial

Caffeine (CAF) supplementation could have a positive impact on physical performance and sport abilities. Nevertheless, the CAF-induced, dose-dependent influence on discipline-specific performance and combat ac...

Authors: Krzysztof Durkalec-Michalski, Paulina M. Nowaczyk, Natalia Główka and Aleksandra Grygiel

Timing of ergogenic aids and micronutrients on muscle and exercise performance

The timing of macronutrient ingestion in relation to exercise is a purported strategy to augment muscle accretion, muscle and athletic performance, and recovery. To date, the majority of macronutrient nutrient...

Authors: Richard A. Stecker, Patrick S. Harty, Andrew R. Jagim, Darren G. Candow and Chad M. Kerksick

Assessment of the FTO gene polymorphisms (rs1421085, rs17817449 and rs9939609) in exercise-trained men and women: the effects of a 4-week hypocaloric diet

Variations in the fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) are associated with obesity; however, it is unclear if changes in energy intake affect the adaptive response to caloric restriction in those with ri...

Authors: Jose Antonio, Sarah Knafo, Madaline Kenyon, Alina Ali, Cassandra Carson, Anya Ellerbroek, Cailey Weaver, Justin Roberts, Corey A. Peacock and Jaime L. Tartar

Nutritional strategies of British professional and amateur natural bodybuilders during competition preparation

To prepare for competition, bodybuilders employ strategies based around: energy restriction, resistance training, cardiovascular exercise, isometric “posing”, and supplementation. Cohorts of professional (PRO)...

Authors: A. J. Chappell, T. Simper and E. Helms

Comparison of ingesting a food bar containing whey protein and isomalto-oligosaccharides to carbohydrate on performance and recovery from an acute bout of resistance-exercise and sprint conditioning: an open label, randomized, counterbalanced, crossover pilot study

We previously reported that consuming a food bar (FB) containing whey protein and the plant fiber isomalto-oligosaccharides [IMO] had a lower glycemic (GI) but similar insulinemic response as a high GI carbohy...

Authors: Tyler J. Grubic, Ryan J. Sowinski, Ben E. Nevares, Victoria M. Jenkins, Susannah L. Williamson, Aimee G. Reyes, Christopher Rasmussen, Mike Greenwood, Peter S. Murano, Conrad P. Earnest and Richard B. Kreider

Timed consumption of a New Zealand blackcurrant juice support positive affective responses during a self-motivated moderate walking exercise in healthy sedentary adults

Affective responses experienced during exercise are a significant determinant on exercise adherence. We have previously demonstrated that consumption of New Zealand (NZ) blackcurrants preserves cognition by at...

Authors: Dominic Lomiwes, Birgit Ha, Nayer Ngametua, Natalie S. Burr, Janine M. Cooney, Tania M. Trower, Greg Sawyer, Duncan Hedderley, Roger D. Hurst and Suzanne M. Hurst

Sodium citrate supplementation enhances tennis skill performance: a crossover, placebo-controlled, double blind study

The efficacy of sodium citrate supplementation (SC) in exercise performance is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of SC on skilled tennis performance.

Authors: Vivian C. R. Cunha, Marcelo S. Aoki, Michael C. Zourdos, Rodrigo V. Gomes, Wesley P. Barbosa, Marcelo Massa, Alexandre Moreira and Caroline D. Capitani

Cashew apple juice supplementation enhances leukocyte count by reducing oxidative stress after high-intensity exercise in trained and untrained men

Cashew apple juice (CAJ) was shown to improve immunological mechanisms by regulating a balance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidant concentrations. However, no study exploring the effects of the CAJ...

Authors: Piyapong Prasertsri, Thapanee Roengrit, Yupaporn Kanpetta, Terdthai Tong-un, Supaporn Muchimapura, Jintanaporn Wattanathorn and Naruemon Leelayuwat

Prevalence and patterns of dietary supplement use in elite Spanish athletes

Dietary supplementation is a common strategy to achieve a specific health status or performance benefit. Several investigations have focused on the prevalence of dietary supplement use by athletes. However, in...

Authors: Gabriel Baltazar-Martins, Diego Brito de Souza, Millán Aguilar-Navarro, Jesús Muñoz-Guerra, María del Mar Plata and Juan Del Coso

Letter to the editor UC-II® Undenatured type II collagen: update to analytical methods

Supplementation with UC-II® undenatured type II collagen has been shown to provide joint health benefits for both healthy adults and adults with knee osteoarthritis in controlled clinical trials. These trials ...

Authors: James P. Lugo

Commentary on the effects of hypoxia on energy substrate use during exercise

A recently published meta-analysis in this journal analyzed findings from studies comparing substrate use during exercise at the same relative intensity (i.e., % V̇O₂max) in normoxic and hypoxic conditions. The p...

Authors: Andrew J. Young, Lee M. Margolis and Stefan M. Pasiakos

Prevalence, knowledge and attitudes towards using sports supplements among young athletes

The aim of this international study was to investigate the prevalence of the use of sports supplements among young athletes, as well as their knowledge and attitudes towards sports supplementation.

Authors: Pavle Jovanov, Višnja Đorđić, Borislav Obradović, Otto Barak, Lato Pezo, Aleksandar Marić and Marijana Sakač

Modifications to the nutrition for sport knowledge questionnaire (NSQK) and abridged nutrition for sport knowledge questionnaire (ANSKQ)

New evidence and feedback from colleagues have led to modifications to the Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire (NSKQ) and Abridged Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire (ANSKQ). The changes predo...

Authors: Gina Louise Trakman, Freddy Brown, Adrienne Forsyth and Regina Belski

What drives athletes toward dietary supplement use: objective knowledge or self-perceived competence? Cross-sectional analysis of professional team-sport players from Southeastern Europe during the competitive season

Issues related to knowledge of nutrition and dietary supplementation (DS) are understudied in professional athletes. This study aimed to examine the possible association between knowledge of nutrition and DS (...

Authors: Damir Sekulic, Enver Tahiraj, Dora Maric, Dragana Olujic, Antonino Bianco and Petra Zaletel

Creatine electrolyte supplement improves anaerobic power and strength: a randomized double-blind control study

Creatine supplementation aids the Phosphagen system by increasing the amount of free creatine and phosphocreatine available to replenish adenosine triphosphate. The purpose of this study was to investigate the...

Authors: Erik Hummer, David N. Suprak, Harsh H. Buddhadev, Lorrie Brilla and Jun G. San Juan

Exercise capacity of vegan, lacto-ovo-vegetarian and omnivorous recreational runners

In search of the right nutrition for the athlete, numerous nutritional strategies and diets were discussed over time. However, the influence of plant-based diets, especially veganism, on exercise capacity has ...

Authors: Josefine Nebl, Sven Haufe, Julian Eigendorf, Paulina Wasserfurth, Uwe Tegtbur and Andreas Hahn

Impact of cow’s milk intake on exercise performance and recovery of muscle function: a systematic review

Dairy products are thought to improve recovery after both resistance and endurance exercises due to their nutritional proprieties. We systematically reviewed the effects of dairy product intake on exercise per...

Authors: Juan M. A. Alcantara, Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado, Borja Martinez-Tellez, Idoia Labayen and Jonatan R. Ruiz

The combination of sport and sport-specific diet is associated with characteristics of gut microbiota: an observational study

Recently, gut microbiota have been studied extensively for health promotion, disease prevention, disease treatment, and exercise performance. It is recommended that athletes avoid dietary fiber and resistant s...

Authors: Lae-Guen Jang, Geunhoon Choi, Sung-Woo Kim, Byung-Yong Kim, Sunghee Lee and Hyon Park

The effects of TeaCrine® and caffeine on endurance and cognitive performance during a simulated match in high-level soccer players

Theacrine (1,3,7,9-tetramethyluric-acid) is a pure alkaloid with a similar structure to caffeine and acts comparably as an adenosine receptor antagonist. Early studies have shown non-habituating effects, inclu...

Authors: Marissa L. Bello, Alan J. Walker, Bridget A. McFadden, David J. Sanders and Shawn M. Arent

Supplementation of eicosapentaenoic acid-rich fish oil attenuates muscle stiffness after eccentric contractions of human elbow flexors

This study aimed to investigate the effect of supplementation of fish oil rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the damage of the biceps brachii after eccentric contractions (EC...

Authors: Yosuke Tsuchiya, Kenichi Yanagimoto, Hisashi Ueda and Eisuke Ochi

Effect of sodium bicarbonate ingestion during 6 weeks of HIIT on anaerobic performance of college students

Past studies have found that sodium bicarbonate ingestion prior to exercise has a performance-enhancing effect on high-intensity exercise. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of continuous sod...

Authors: Jieting Wang, Junqiang Qiu, Longyan Yi, Zhaoran Hou, Dan Benardot and Wei Cao

Effect of caffeinated gum on a battery of rugby-specific tests in trained university-standard male rugby union players

Caffeine has been shown to enhance strength, power and endurance, characteristics that underpin performance in rugby. Caffeinated gum has attracted interest as a novel vehicle for delivering caffeine, because ...

Authors: M. K. Ranchordas, H. Pratt, M. Parsons, A. Parry, C. Boyd and A. Lynn

Effect of a four-week ketogenic diet on exercise metabolism in CrossFit-trained athletes

The ketogenic diet is becoming a popular nutritional model among athletes. However, the relationship between its use and metabolism during exercise seems to have not been fully investigated.

Authors: Krzysztof Durkalec-Michalski, Paulina M. Nowaczyk and Katarzyna Siedzik

Fluid type influences acute hydration and muscle performance recovery in human subjects

Exercise and heat trigger dehydration and an increase in extracellular fluid osmolality, leading to deficits in exercise performance and thermoregulation. Evidence from previous studies supports the potential ...

Authors: Preston R. Harris, Douglas A. Keen, Eleni Constantopoulos, Savanna N. Weninger, Eric Hines, Matthew P. Koppinger, Zain I. Khalpey and John P. Konhilas

Effects of a polysaccharide-based multi-ingredient supplement on salivary immunity in non-elite marathon runners

Extreme exercise may alter the innate immune system. Glycans are involved in several biological processes including immune system regulation. However, limited data regarding the impact of glycan supplementatio...

Authors: Emma Roca, Elisabet Cantó, Lexa Nescolarde, Lidia Perea, Antoni Bayes-Genis, Oriol Sibila and Silvia Vidal

Effects of medium-term green tea extract supplementation combined with CrossFit workout on blood antioxidant status and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor in young men: a pilot study

Potential health benefits are attributed to the antioxidant properties of green tea polyphenolic compounds. The main aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of a six-week green tea extract (GTE) supplemen...

Authors: Ewa Sadowska-Krępa, Przemysław Domaszewski, Ilona Pokora, Aleksandra Żebrowska, Agnieszka Gdańska and Tomasz Podgórski

Physiological- and performance-related effects of acute olive oil supplementation at moderate exercise intensity

The consumption of olive oil is associated with a diminished risk of cardiovascular disorders and mortality, but the impact of olive oil supplementation on endurance performance is still unclear. Since the ben...

Authors: Laura Esquius, Sergi Garcia-Retortillo, Natàlia Balagué, Robert Hristovski and Casimiro Javierre

Development of a questionnaire to assess dietary restrictions runners use to mitigate gastrointestinal symptoms

Exercise induced gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms can plague athletes, especially runners. Sport nutrition recommendations are nutrient rather than foods focused and do not adequately address strategies to reduc...

Authors: Jill A. Parnell, Hailey Lafave, Kim Wagner–Jones, Robyn F. Madden and Kelly Anne Erdman

The effects of environmental hypoxia on substrate utilisation during exercise: a meta-analysis

A better understanding of hypoxia-induced changes in substrate utilisation can facilitate the development of nutritional strategies for mountaineers, military personnel and athletes during exposure to altitude...

Authors: Alex Griffiths, Oliver M. Shannon, Jamie Matu, Roderick King, Kevin Deighton and John P. O’Hara

Effects of placebo on bench throw performance of Paralympic weightlifting athletes: a pilot study

The aim of the present study was to analyse the effects of placebo on bench throw performance in Paralympic weightlifting athletes.

Authors: Gustavo De Conti Teixeira Costa, Luan Galvão, Martim Bottaro, João Felipe Mota, Gustavo Duarte Pimentel and Paulo Gentil

The acute effects of caffeine intake on time under tension and power generated during the bench press movement

The ability to generate high levels of power is one of the key factors determining success in many sport disciplines. Although there are studies confirming ergogenic effects of caffeine (CAF) on different phys...

Authors: Michal Wilk, Michal Krzysztofik, Adam Maszczyk, Jakub Chycki and Adam Zajac

The effect of L-theanine supplementation on the immune system of athletes exposed to strenuous physical exercise

The aim of this study was to analyze the response of selected components of the immune system in rowers to maximal physical exercise, and to verify if this response could be modulated by supplementation with L...

Authors: A. Juszkiewicz, A. Glapa, P. Basta, E. Petriczko, K. Żołnowski, B. Machaliński, J. Trzeciak, K. Łuczkowska and A. Skarpańska-Stejnborn

Chocolate Milk versus carbohydrate supplements in adolescent athletes: a field based study

The purpose of this study is to translate laboratory-based research on beverage-based supplements to a naturalistic, field setting in adolescent athletes. To this end, we tested the effects of two commercially...

Authors: Katelyn A. Born, Erin E. Dooley, P. Andy Cheshire, Lauren E. McGill, Jonathon M. Cosgrove, John L. Ivy and John B. Bartholomew

Rehydrating efficacy of maple water after exercise-induced dehydration

Dehydration impairs physiological function and physical performance, thus understanding effective rehydration strategies is paramount. Despite growing interest in natural rehydrating beverages, no study has ex...

Authors: Alexs Matias, Monique Dudar, Josip Kauzlaric, Kimberly A. Frederick, Shannon Fitzpatrick and Stephen J. Ives

Citrus Aurantium and caffeine complex versus placebo on biomarkers of metabolism: a double blind crossover design

The purpose of this study was to examine resting the metabolic response to the ingestion of a complex containing Citrus Aurantium + Caffeine (CA + C) and if its consumption influences metabolic recovery follow...

Authors: Brian Kliszczewicz, Emily Bechke, Cassie Williamson, Zackery Green, Paul Bailey, John McLester and Cherilyn McLester

The effects of Shilajit supplementation on fatigue-induced decreases in muscular strength and serum hydroxyproline levels

Shilajit is a safe, fluvic mineral complex exudate that is common to Ayurvedic medicine and is composed of fulvic acids, dibenzo-α-pyrones, proteins, and minerals. The purpose of this study was to examine the ...

Authors: Joshua L. Keller, Terry J. Housh, Ethan C. Hill, Cory M. Smith, Richard J. Schmidt and Glen O. Johnson

Effects of ascorbic acid supplementation on oxidative stress markers in healthy women following a single bout of exercise

Ascorbic acid is a water-soluble chain breaking antioxidant. It scavenges free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are produced during metabolic pathways. Exercise can produce an imbalance between R...

Authors: Manita Yimcharoen, Suwatsin Kittikunnathum, Chawannut Suknikorn, Wichuda Nak-on, Petcharee Yeethong, Tracy G. Anthony and Piyawan Bunpo

Effect of a short-term low fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide and polyol (FODMAP) diet on exercise-related gastrointestinal symptoms

Research has demonstrated that low fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide and polyol (FODMAP) diets improve gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome sufferers. Exercise-rel...

Authors: Melanie Wiffin, Lee Smith, Jose Antonio, James Johnstone, Liam Beasley and Justin Roberts

Acute caffeine supplementation in combat sports: a systematic review

Caffeine used as a supplement has been shown to improve physical and cognitive performance in several sport modalities due to its effects on the central nervous system. This review assesses the direct effects ...

Authors: Luis M. López-González, Antonio J. Sánchez-Oliver, Fernando Mata, Pablo Jodra, Jose Antonio and Raúl Domínguez

The effect of two β-alanine dosing strategies on 30-minute rowing performance: a randomized, controlled trial

β-alanine (βA) supplementation has been shown to increase intramuscular carnosine content and subsequent high-intensity performance in events lasting < 4 minutes (min), which may be dependent on total, as oppo...

Authors: Liam Beasley, Lee Smith, Jose Antonio, Dan Gordon, James Johnstone and Justin Roberts

Efficacy of a nootropic spearmint extract on reactive agility: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel trial

Proprietary spearmint extract (PSE) containing a minimum 14.5% rosmarinic acid and 24% total phenolic content, has evinced positive effects on cognition in individuals aged 50–70 with memory impairment after c...

Authors: Paul H. Falcone, Aaron C. Tribby, Roxanne M. Vogel, Jordan M. Joy, Jordan R. Moon, Chantelle A. Slayton, Micah M. Henigman, Joanne A. Lasrado, Brandon J. Lewis, Brenda A. Fonseca, Kristin M. Nieman and Kelli A. Herrlinger

Priority use of medium-chain fatty acids during high-intensity exercise in cross-country skiers

One of the topics discussed in sports science is the use of medium-chain saturated fat as an energy-saving nutrient additive when approaching high-intensity exercise. The purpose of this study was to compare t...

Authors: A. Yu. Lyudinina, G. E. Ivankova and E. R. Bojko

Metabolic impact of protein feeding prior to moderate-intensity treadmill exercise in a fasted state: a pilot study

Augmenting fat oxidation is a primary goal of fitness enthusiasts and individuals desiring to improve their body composition. Performing aerobic exercise while fasted continues to be a popular strategy to achi...

Authors: Bradley T. Gieske, Richard A. Stecker, Charles R. Smith, Kyle E. Witherbee, Patrick S. Harty, Robert Wildman and Chad M. Kerksick

Estimation of energy balance and training volume during Army Initial Entry Training

Adequate dietary intake is important for promoting adaptation and prevention of musculoskeletal injury in response to large volumes of physical training such as Army Initial Entry Training (IET). The purpose o...

Authors: Jeremy McAdam, Kaitlin McGinnis, Rian Ory, Kaelin Young, Andrew D. Frugé, Michael Roberts and JoEllen Sefton

Correction to: PAKs supplement improves immune status and body composition but not muscle strength in resistance trained individuals

The original article [1] contains an error whereby the author, Frederico G Romero’s name is displayed incorrectly; the correct spelling is instead displayed in this Correction article.

Authors: Frederico Gerlinger-Romero, Fabio S. Lira, Fernando A. Marques, Paulo C. Muzy, Rodolfo A. N. Peres and Érico C. Caperuto

Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) Conference and Expo

Authors:

Exercise training alters the glycemic response to carbohydrate and is an important consideration when evaluating dietary carbohydrate intake

Carbohydrates raise insulin concentrations in blood. Exercise decreases the insulin response to carbohydrate infusion and is beneficial in reducing postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations. This is impo...

Authors: Charles Paul Lambert

The acute effects of plyometric and sled towing stimuli with and without caffeine ingestion on vertical jump performance in professional soccer players

Post-activation potentiation (PAP) is the phenomenon by which muscular performance is enhanced in response to a conditioning stimulus. PAP has typically been evidenced via improved counter movement jump (CMJ) ...

Authors: Mauro A. Guerra Jr, Leonardo C. Caldas, Helder L. De Souza, Kaio F. Vitzel, Jason M. Cholewa, Michael J. Duncan and Lucas Guimarães-Ferreira