Jäger R, Purpura M, Kingsley M: Phospholipids and sports performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2007, 4: 5-
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Amenta F, Tayebati SK: Pathwasy of acetylcholine synthesis, transport and release as targets for treatment of adult-onset cognitive dysfunction. Curr Med Chem. 2008, 15: 488-498. 10.2174/092986708783503203.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Buchman AL, Sohel M, Brown M, Jenden DJ, Ahn C, Roch M, Brawley TL: Verbal and visual memory improve after choline supplementation in long-term total parenteral nutrition: a pilot study. J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2001, 25: 30-35. 10.1177/014860710102500130.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Canal N, Franceschi M, Alberoni M, Castiglioni C, De Moliner P, Longoni A: Effect of L-alpha-glyceryl-phoshorylcholine on amnesia caused by scopolamine. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol. 1991, 29: 103-107.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
DiPerri R, Coppola G, Ambrosio LA, Grasso A, Puca FM, Rizzo M: A multicentre trial to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine versus cystosine diphosphocholine in patients with vascular dementia. J Int Med Res. 1991, 19: 330-341.
CAS
Google Scholar
Gossell-Williams M, Simon O, Young L, West M: Choline supplementation facilitates short-term memory consolidation into intermediate long-term memory of young Sprague-Dawley rats. West Indian Med J. 2006, 55: 4-8.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Conlay LA, Wurtman RJ, Blusztajn JK, Coviella ILG, Maher TJ, Evoniuk GE: Decreased plasma choline concentrations in marathon runners. N Engl J Med. 1986, 315: 892-
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Penry JT, Manore MM: Choline: an important micronutrient for maximal endurance-exercise performance?. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2008, 18: 191-203.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Deuster PA, Singh A, Coll R, Hyde DE, Becker WJ: Choline ingestion does not modify physical or cognitive performance. Mil Med. 2002, 167: 1020-1025.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Warber JP, Patton JF, Tharion WJ, Zeisel SH, Mello RP, Kemnitz CP, Lieberman HR: The effects of choline supplementation on physical performance. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2000, 10: 170-181.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hirsch MJ, Growdon JH, Wurtman RJ: Relations between dietary choline or lecithin intake, serum choline levels, and various metabolic indices. Metabolism. 1978, 27: 953-960. 10.1016/0026-0495(78)90139-7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wurtman RJ, Hirsch MJ, Growdon JH: Lecithin consumption raises serum-free-choline levels. Lancet. 1977, 2: 68-69. 10.1016/S0140-6736(77)90067-8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ziegenfuss T, Landis J, Hofheins J: Acute supplementation with alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine augments growth hormone response to, and peak force production during, resistance exercise. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2008, 5 (Suppl 1): P15-10.1186/1550-2783-5-S1-P15.
Article
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Blokland A, Honig W, Browns F, Jolles J: Cognition-enhancing properties of subchronic phosphatidylserine (ps) treatment in middle-aged rats: comparision of bovine cortex ps with eggs ps and soybean ps. Nutrition. 1999, 15: 778-783. 10.1016/S0899-9007(99)00157-4.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Starks MA, Starks SL, Kingsley M, Purpura M, Jäger R: The effects of phosphotidylserine on endocrine response to moderate intensity exercise. J Inter Soc Sports Nutr. 2008, 5: 11-10.1186/1550-2783-5-11.
Article
Google Scholar
Huynh ML, Fadok VA, Henson PM: Phosphatidylserine-dependent ingestion of apoptotic cells promotes tgf-β1 secretion and the resolution of inflammation. J Clin Invest. 2002, 109: 41-50.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Monteleone P, Beinat L, Tanzillo C, Maj M, Kemall D: Effects of phosphatidylserine on the neuroendocrine response to physical stress in humans. Neuroendocrinology. 1990, 52: 243-248. 10.1159/000125593.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dacaranhe CD, Terao J: A unique antioxidant activity of phosphatidylserine on iron-induced lipid peroxidation of phospholipid bilayers. Lipids. 2001, 36: 1105-1110. 10.1007/s11745-001-0820-7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lactorraca S, Piersanti P, Tesco G, Piacentini S, Amaducci L, Sorbi S: Effect of phosphatidylserine on free radical susceptibility in human diploid fibroblasts. J Neural Transm Park Dis Dement Sect. 1993, 6: 73-77. 10.1007/BF02252625.
Article
Google Scholar
Kingsley M, Wadsworth D, Kilduff LP, McEneny J, Benton D: Effects of phosphatidylserine on oxidative stress following intermittent running. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005, 37: 1300-1306. 10.1249/01.mss.0000175306.05465.7e.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kingsley M, Miller M, Kilduff LP, McEneny J, Benton D: Effects of phosphatidylserine on exercise capacity during cycling in active males. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006, 38: 64-71. 10.1249/01.mss.0000183195.10867.d0.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kingsley M, Kilduff LP, McEneny J, Dietzig R, Benton D: Phosphatidylserine supplementation and recovery following downhill running. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006, 38: 1617-1625. 10.1249/01.mss.0000183195.10867.d0.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lee KA, Hicks G, Nino-Murcia G: Validity and reliability of a scale to assess fatigue. Psychiatry Res. 1991, 36: 291-298. 10.1016/0165-1781(91)90027-M.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Haubrich DR, Wang PFL, Clody DE, Wedeking PW: Increase in rat brain acetylcholine induced by choline or deanol. Life Sci. 1975, 17: 975-980. 10.1016/0024-3205(75)90451-8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Trammer BA, Schmidt DE, Wecker L: Exogenous choline enhances the synthesis of acetylcholine only under conditions of increased cholinergic neuronal activity. J Neurochem. 1982, 39: 1704-1709. 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1982.tb08006.x.
Article
Google Scholar
Spector SA, Jackman MR, Sabounjian LA, Sakkas C, Landers DM, Willis WT: Effect of choline supplementation on fatigue in trained cyclists. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995, 27: 668-673.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Conlay LA, Sabounjian LA, Wurtman RJ: Exercise and neuromodulators: choline and acetylcholine in marathon runners. Int J Sports Med. 1992, 13: S141-S142. 10.1055/s-2007-1024619.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Van Allworden HN, Horn S, Kahl J, Feldheim W: The influence of lecithin on plasma choline concentrations in triathletes and adolescent runners during exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol. 1993, 67: 87-91. 10.1007/BF00377711.
Article
Google Scholar
Moreno MDJM: Cognitive improvement in mild to moderate alzheimer's dementia after treatment with the acetylcholine precursor choline alfoscerate: A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Ther. 2003, 25: 178-193. 10.1016/S0149-2918(03)90023-3.
Article
Google Scholar
Benton D, Donohoe RT, Silance B, Nabb S: The influence of phosphatidylserine supplementation on mood and heart rate when faced with an acute stressor. Nutr Neurosci. 2001, 4: 169-178.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jäger R, Purpura M, Geiss KR, Weiß M, Baumeister J, Amatulli F, Schröder L, Herwegen H: The effect of phosphatidylserine on golf performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2007, 4: 23-
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kraemer WJ, Volek JS, French DN, Rubin MR, Sharman MJ, Gómez AL, Ratamess NA, Newton RU, Jemiolo B, Craig BW, Häkkinen K: The effects of L-carnitine L-tartrate supplementation on hormonal responses to resistance exercise and recovery. J Strength Cond Res. 2003, 17: 455-462.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Volek JS, Kraemer WJ, Rubin MR, Gómez AL, Ratamess NA, Gaynor P: L-Carnitine L-tartrate supplementation favorably affects markers of recovery from exercise stress. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2002, 282: E474-482.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hoffman JR: Caffeine and Energy Drinks. Strength and Cond J. 2010, 12: 15-20. 10.1519/SSC.0b013e3181bdafa0.
Article
Google Scholar
Sachan DS, Hongu N: Increases in VO2max and metabolic markers of fat oxidation by caffeine, carnitine, and choline supplementation in rats. J Nutr Biochem. 2000, 11: 521-526. 10.1016/S0955-2863(00)00119-4.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Suchy J, Chan A, Shea TB: Dietary supplementation with a combination of α-lipoic acid, acetyl-L-carnitine, glycerophosphocoline, docosahexaenoic acid, and phosphatidylserine reduces oxidative damage to murine brain and improves cognitive performance. Nutr Res. 2009, 29: 70-74. 10.1016/j.nutres.2008.11.004.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kidd PM: Neurodegeneration from mitochondrial insufficiency: nutrients, stem cells, growth factors, and prospects for brain rebuilding using integrative management. Altern Med Rev. 2005, 10: 268-293.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dhitavat S, Ortiz D, Shea TB, Rivera ER: Acetyl-L-carnitine protects against amyloid-beta neurotoxicity: roles of oxidative buffering and ATP levels. Neurochem Res. 2002, 27: 501-505. 10.1023/A:1019800703683.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar