Table 1 Volunteer characteristics

 Greene et al. [22],

12

Elite powerlifting and Olympic weightlifting

7 M, 5F

35 ± 11

78 ± 12

NR

 Heatherly et al. [24], ^L

8

Trained runners

M

40 ± 10

82 ± 7

NR

 Nazaraweicz et al. [25],^L

20

Recreationally active

F

21-23^R

62 ± 10

21.5 ± 2.1

 Prins et al. [23],

7

Recreational distance runners

M

36 ± 8

69 ± 2

21.5 ± 1.1

 Dostal et al. [26],

KD: 12

CON: 12

Recreationally active

7 M, 17F

25 ± 2

24 ± 4

67 ± 10

73 ± 15

NR

 Gregory et al. [30],

KD: 12

CON: 15

Recreational CrossFit trainees

5 M, 22F

35 ± 9

34 ± 9

77 ± 14

72 ± 13

26.0 ± 2.9

26.0 ± 2.8

 Kephart et al. [28],

KD: 7

CON: 5

Recreational CrossFit trainees

9 M, 3F

32 ± 8

29 ± 7

83 ± 22

77 ± 12

28.3^a

26.6^a

 LaFountain et al. [29],

KD: 15

CON: 14

Military personnel

25 M, 4F

27 ± 7

25 ± 9

86 ± 8

80 ± 6

27.9 ± 2.9

24.9 ± 2.4

 McSwiney et al. [16],

KD: 9

CON: 11

Endurance athletes

M

34 ± 7

32 ± 6

86 ± 14

77 ± 10

25.6 ± 3.0

23.9 ± 2.9

 Paoli et al. [31],

KD: 9

CON: 10

Competitive body builders

M

26 ± 5

31 ± 10

86 ± 15

89 ± 11

26.9 ± 1.9

26.6 ± 2.0

 Vargas et al. [15],

KD: 9

CON: 10

Resistance-trained

M

28 ± 4

27 ± 6

79 ± 8

75 ± 5

24.4 ± 2.6

23.9 ± 1.6

 Vargas-Molina et al. [27],

KD: 10

CON: 11

Resistance-trained

F

27 ± 4

28 ± 4

62 ± 10

63 ± 6

23.8 ± 3.6

23.7 ± 2.2

 Wilson et al. [11],

KD: 13

CON: 12

Resistance-trained

M

24 ± 5

21 ± 4

80 ± 15

78 ± 10

NR