Figure 1
From: Amino acid supplementation and impact on immune function in the context of exercise
Biphasic immuno-inflammatory response to severe exercise and the possible immunonutrition role. Immuno-inflammatory response induced by severe exercise or heavy periods of training and the proposed role of specific nutrients with immune benefits, also called immunonutrition. Abbreviations: tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-10 (IL-10), nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB), glutathione (GSH), heat shock protein 70 kda (HSP70).