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Table 1 Physical characteristics of the study participants (n = 32)

From: Serum levels of bone formation and resorption markers in relation to vitamin D status in professional gymnastics and physically active men during upper and lower body high-intensity exercise

Variable

EG (n = 16)

PAM (n = 16)

Effect size (η2)

Mean ± SD

(95% CI)

Mean ± SD

(95% CI)

Body height (cm)

171.31 ± 3.92*

(169.21–173.40)

178.47 ± 5.08

(175.85–181.08)

0.39

Body mass (kg)

69.30 ± 6.79

(65.68–72.92)

72.99 ± 10.07

(67.81–78.17)

0.04

BMI (kg ∙ m−2)

23.56 ± 1.54

(22.74–24.39)

22.29 ± 3.11

(21.32–24.52)

0.01

Per cent body fat (%)

6.78 ± 3.10*

(5.12–8.44)

11.16 ± 4.83

(8.69-–3.62)

0.21

  1. Note: BMI Body mass index, EG Elite gymnast, PAM Physically active man
  2. *Significant difference between gymnasts and controls at p <  0.01