Essential amino acid-enriched whey enhances post-exercise whole-body protein balance during energy deficit more than iso-nitrogenous whey or a mixed-macronutrient meal: a randomized, crossover study

Table 4 Dietary intake during each intervention period ¹

	Baseline²	EAA + W Run-in	WHEY Run-in	MEAL Run-in	EAA + W Energy deficit	WHEY Energy deficit	MEAL Energy deficit
Absolute Intake (kcal/d or g/d)
Energy	2875.5 ± 801.8	2325.6 ± 247.9	2351.2 ± 248.0	2316.2 ± 254.4	1624.4 ± 211.2	1623.7 ± 202.6	1623.1 ± 208.9
Protein	118.1 ± 31.4	126.4 ± 16.5	128.1 ± 15.8	128.1 ± 15.8	125.7 ± 16.3	125.3 ± 15.1	126.2 ± 15.7
Carbohydrate	319.4 ± 86.8	312.3 ± 31.3	313 ± 31.3	309.3 ± 31.7	190.5 ± 28.5	190.8 ± 27.1	190.4 ± 27.4
Fat	104.0 ± 35.5	67.5 ± 8.3	69.5 ± 8.3	67.2 ± 8.8	41.8 ± 4.2	42.0 ± 4.7	41.6 ± 4.6
Relative Intake (kcal ³/kg/d or g/d)
Energy	36.9 ± 8.1	29.7 ± 1.8	30.1 ± 1.4	29.6 ± 1.6	21.0 ± 1.5	21.0 ± 1.3	21.0 ± 1.3
Protein	1.6 ± 0.6	1.6 ± 0.1	1.6 ± 0.0	1.6 ± 0.1	1.6 ± 0.1	1.6 ± 0.1	1.6 ± 0.1
Carbohydrate	4.1 ± 1.0	4.0 ± 0.2	4.0 ± 0.2	4.0 ± 0.2	2.5 ± 0.2	2.5 ± 0.2	2.5 ± 0.2
Fat	1.3 ± 0.4	0.9 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.1	0.5 ± 0.0	0.5 ± 0.0	0.5 ± 0.0
Energy Intake (%)
Protein	17 ± 4	22 ± 1	22 ± 1	22 ± 1	31 ± 1	31 ± 1	31 ± 2
Carbohydrate	46 ± 7	54 ± 1	53 ± 1	53 ± 1	47 ± 1	47 ± 1	47 ± 1
Fat	33 ± 3	27 ± 1	26 ± 1	26 ± 1	23 ± 1	23 ± 2	23 ± 1
Energy Deficit (%)
Energy	–	–	–	–	30.3 ± 3.3	31.0 ± 3.6	30.0 ± 3.4

¹ Values are means ± SD (n = 10). Dietary intake was directly measured during each 3 d run-in and 5 d energy deficit diet
² Estimated intakes derived from 3 d dietary recalls
³ 1 kcal = 4184 joules

ISSN: 1550-2783