Table 2 Classification of major polyphenols present in grapes and derivatives
From: Grape polyphenols supplementation for exercise-induced oxidative stress
Group | Subclass | Compound |
|---|---|---|
Flavonoids | Flavonols | Quercetin, Kaempferol, Myricetin, Isorhamnetin, Laricitrin, Syringetin |
Flavones | Luteolin, Genistein, Apigenin | |
Flavanols | Catechin, Epicatechin, Gallocatechin, Epigallocatechin, Epicatechin gallate, Epigallocatechin gallate | |
Flavanones | Eriodictyol, Naringenin, Hesperetin | |
Anthocyanins | Cyanidin, Peonidin, Delphinidin, Pelargonidin, Petunidin, Malvidin | |
Flavanonols | Taxifolin, Astilbin, Dihydromyricetin-3-0-rhamnoside | |
Flavanes | ||
Chalcones and Dihydrochalcones | ||
Phenolic acids | Hydroxybenzoic acids | Parahydroxybenzoic, Protocatechuic, Vanillic, Gallic, Syringic |
Hydroxycinnamic acids | p-Coumaric, Caffeic, Ferulic, Sinapic, Caftaric, p-Coutaric, Fertaric | |
Tannins | Hydrolyzable tannins | Gallotannins, Ellagitannins |
Condensed tannins | Proanthocyanidins | |
Stilbenes | Resveratrol, Viniferins, Piceid, Piceatanol, Astringin, Pterostilbene, Pallidol, Parthenocissin, Ameurensin G | |
Coumarins | Umbelliferone, Esculetin, Scopoletin | |
Phenylethanol derivatives | Tyrosol, Hydroxytyrosol | |
Lignans and neolignans | Isolariciresinol, Secoisolariciresinol, Lariciresinol, Cedrusin |