Caffeine supplementation induces higher IL-6 and IL-10 plasma levels in response to a treadmill exercise test

Table 2 Changes in blood cell counts, plasma caffeine levels and cAMP during exercise and recovery following caffeine supplementation

	Pre-exercise	Post-exercise	Recovery	Main effect p-values (T; C; TxC)
Caffeine (μg·mL^− 1)
Placebo	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	< 0.001 < 0.001; < 0.001 ^a,b
Caffeine	n.d.	8.99 ± 1.80 *	8.38 ± 2.40 *	< 0.001 < 0.001; < 0.001 ^a,b
AMPc (μg·mL⁻¹)
Placebo	126.5 ± 15.5	174.5 ± 15.4	131.8 ± 19.2	< 0.001 ^a; 0.327; 0.742
Caffeine	126.2 ± 17.4	178.8 ± 23.6	137.6 ± 21.4	< 0.001 ^a; 0.327; 0.742
Leukocytes (10³·μL^− 1)
Placebo	6.21 ± 1.43	8.30 ± 1.68	8.80 ± 2.58	< 0.001; 0.002; 0.048 ^a,b
Caffeine	6.66 ± 1.69	9.86 ± 2.51 *	10.2 ± 3.2 *	< 0.001; 0.002; 0.048 ^a,b
Neutrophils (10³·μL^− 1)
Placebo	3.20 ± 0.68	4.51 ± 0.90	6.16 ± 1.83	< 0.001 ^a,b; 0.002; 0.175
Caffeine	3.72 ± 1.08	5.64 ± 1.61	7.63 ± 2.38	< 0.001 ^a,b; 0.002; 0.175
Lymphocytes (10³·μL^− 1)
Placebo	2.27 ± 0.53	3.00 ± 0.69	1.89 ± 0.40	< 0.001; 0.262; 0.006 ^a,b,c
Caffeine	2.33 ± 0.49	3.34 ± 0.78 *	1.80 ± 0.36	< 0.001; 0.262; 0.006 ^a,b,c
Monocytes (10³·μL^− 1)
Placebo	0.50 ± 0.11	0.54 ± 0.14	0.54 ± 0.14	0.028 ^a; 0.383; 0.287
Caffeine	0.47 ± 0.09	0.59 ± 0.20	0.58 ± 0.21	0.028 ^a; 0.383; 0.287

The values are the mean ± S.D. (n = 13)
T time (pre-exercise, post-exercise, recovery), C condition (placebo, caffeine), TxC interaction time x condition
*indicates significant differences between conditions at that time point
^aindicates significant differences post-exercise vs. pre-exercise
^bindicates significant differences recovery vs. pre-exercise
^cindicates significant differences recovery vs. post-exercise

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