Table 2 Changes in maximal and rapid torque production of the knee extensors and flexors over the course of the fall and spring rugby seasons
Fall Season | Spring Season | Group x Time | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PRE | POST | PRE | POST | F | p | |
Knee Extension | ||||||
Peak Torque (Nm) | ||||||
HMB-Cr | 293 ± 57 (255 to 331) | 253 ± 61 (213 to 292)* | 294 ± 39 (224 to 342) | 331 ± 42 (254 to 389) | 7.31 | 0.005 |
Cr | 301 ± 55 (264 to 339) | 292 ± 61 (253 to 333) | 314 ± 30 (223 to 336) | 268 ± 33 (175 to 300) | ||
d | 0.15 | 0.63 | 0.59 | 1.33 | ||
RTD0–100 (Nm·sec−1) | ||||||
HMB-Cr | 2073 ± 498 (1742 to 2405) | 1512 ± 456 (1187 to 1857) | 1689 ± 334 (1410 to 1988) | 1770 ± 538 (1275 to 2282) | 1.99 | 0.159 |
Cr | 1935 ± 449 (1603 to 2267) | 1661 ± 537 (1307 to 2014) | 2135 ± 155 (1784 to 2296) | 1812 ± 283 (1285 to 2164) | ||
d | 0.3 | 0.31 | 1.37 | 0.11 | ||
RTD0–200 (Nm·sec−1) | ||||||
HMB-Cr | 1290 ± 255 (1131 to 1449) | 873 ± 198 (701 to 1093) | 1075 ± 203 (874 to 1392) | 1135 ± 329 (783 to 1598) | 2.59 | 0.105 |
Cr | 1195 ± 213 (1036 to 1354) | 1012 ± 365 (810 to 1220) | 1305 ± 155 (1019 to 1485) | 1080 ± 298 (671 to 1388) | ||
d | 0.41 | 0.49 | 1.14 | 0.19 | ||
Impulse0–100 (Nm·sec) | ||||||
HMB-Cr | 10.4 ± 2.4 (8.9 to 12.0) | 8.1 ± 2.1 (6.7 to 9.4) | 8.2 ± 1.5 (6.8 to 9.7) | 8.1 ± 1.7 (6.4 to 9.8) | 2.13 | 0.146 |
Cr | 9.2 ± 2.0 (7.7 to 10.8) | 8.6 ± 1.6 (7.2 to 10.0) | 10.5 ± 0.9 (8.9 to 11.5) | 8.7 ± 0.9 (7.2 to 10.1) | ||
d | 0.54 | 0.29 | 1.39 | 0.57 | ||
Impulse0–200 (Nm·sec) | ||||||
HMB-Cr | 34.2 ± 6.8 (30.0 to 38.4) | 25.1 ± 5.7 (21.0 to 29.3) | 27.2 ± 5.0 (22.8 to 32.6) | 27.5 ± 6.2 (20.4 to 35.2) | 2.67 | 0.097 |
Cr | 30.6 ± 5.5 (26.3 to 34.8) | 27.3 ± 6.5 (22.9 to 31.8) | 34.2 ± 2.8 (28.6 to 37.3) | 28.5 ± 4.9 (21.3 to 34.1) | ||
d | 0.58 | 0.38 | 1.36 | 0.20 | ||
Knee Flexion | ||||||
Peak Torque (Nm) | ||||||
HMB-Cr | 177 ± 34 (156 to 199) | 172 ± 48 (145 to 196) | 186 ± 10 (156 to 201) | 198 ± 15 (156 to 221) | 4.40 | 0.025 |
Cr | 174 ± 27 (151 to 197) | 189 ± 20 (159 to 214) | 200 ± 10 (158 to 200) | 194 ± 17 (138 to 197) | ||
d | 0.12 | 0.44 | 1.21 | 0.24 | ||
RTD0–100 (Nm·sec−1) | ||||||
HMB-Cr | 1149 ± 266 (948 to 1350) | 1040 ± 261 (838 to 1215) | 876 ± 162 (672 to 1103) | 1026 ± 280 (413 to 1677) | 2.90 | 0.094 |
Cr | 971 ± 361 (756 to 1185) | 1076 ± 354 (826 to 1251) | 1240 ± 159 (949 to 1327) | 1144 ± 373 (415 to 1517) | ||
d | 0.57 | 0.13 | 1.49 | 0.37 | ||
RTD0–200 (Nm·sec−1) | ||||||
HMB-Cr | 750 ± 132 (659 to 841) | 704 ± 204 (569 to 812) | 706 ± 35 (653 to 741) | 755 ± 83 (554 to 902) | 4.91 | 0.014 |
Cr | 732 ± 136 (635 to 830) | 737 ± 143 (574 to 843) | 855 ± 35 (781 to 859)† | 767 ± 160 (513 to 819) | ||
d | 0.14 | 0.19 | 1.73 | 0.10 | ||
Impulse0–100 (Nm·sec) | ||||||
HMB-Cr | 5.1 ± 1.3 (4.3 to 6.0) | 4.7 ± 0.8 (3.7 to 5.6) | 3.9 ± 0.9 (3.0 to 5.3) | 4.3 ± 0.8 (2.1 to 7.1) | 4.19 | 0.040 |
Cr | 3.9 ± 1.3 (3.0 to 4.8) | 4.9 ± 2.1 (3.7 to 5.8) | 5.3 ± 0.7 (3.9 to 6.0) | 5.3 ± 1.7 (2.7 to 7.0) | ||
d | 0.89 | 0.16 | 1.36 | 0.74 | ||
Impulse0–200 (Nm·sec) | ||||||
HMB-Cr | 18.0 ± 3.7 (15.5 to 20.6) | 16.7 ± 3.6 (13.9 to 19.0) | 15.2 ± 2.0 (12.5 to 18.4) | 16.5 ± 1.4 (9.5 to 24.7) | 4.92 | 0.023 |
Cr | 15.4 ± 3.8 (12.7 to 18.1) | 17.5 ± 4.7 (14.1 to 19.8) | 19.6 ± 1.6 (14.9 to 20.2)† | 18.5 ± 5.0 (7.8 to 21.4) | ||
d | 0.67 | 0.19 | 1.54 | 0.53 | ||