Comparison of ingesting a food bar containing whey protein and isomalto-oligosaccharides to carbohydrate on performance and recovery from an acute bout of resistance-exercise and sprint conditioning: an open label, randomized, counterbalanced, crossover pilot study

Table 2 Glucose and insulin response to an oral treatment during intense exercise

Variable	Treatment	Fasted	Post-Exercise	48-h Recovery	Effect	p-Level
Glucose (mmol/L)	CHO	5.12 ± 0.48	5.05 ± 1.52	5.35 ± 0.40	Time	0.161
Glucose (mmol/L)	FB	5.34 ± 0.40	4.81 ± 0.84	5.29 ± 0.47	Treatment x Time	0.447
Insulin (μIU/mL)	CHO	6.44 ± 3.44	11.18 ± 9.59 †	7.72 ± 3.60	Time	< 0.001
	FB	6.27 ± 3.77	15.49 ± 9.05 †	6.41 ± 3.77	Treatment x Time	0.129
	Time	6.36 ± 3.53	13.33 ± 9.38 †	7.07 ± 3.67
IGR	CHO	0.070 ± 0.039	0.110 ± 0.072 †	0.080 ± 0.037	Time	< 0.001
IGR	FB	0.065 ± 0.039	0.173 ± 0.085 †^	0.067 ± 0.038	Treatment x Time	0.008

Data are means ± standard deviations (SD) or standard error of the mean (SEM). A multivariate analysis revealed overall Wilks’ Lambda time (p < 0.001) and treatment x time (p = 0.007) effects. Greenhouse-Geisser univariate p-levels are presented for each variable
CHO Carbohydrate, FB Food Bar, IGR insulin glucose ratio
† denotes p < 0.05 difference from baseline. ^ represents p > 0.05 to p < 0.10 difference between CHO and FB

ISSN: 1550-2783