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Table 2 Effects of chromium histidinate and biotin on body weight, Cr and biotin intake and serum parameters in exercise-trained rats

From: Biotin and chromium histidinate improve glucose metabolism and proteins expression levels of IRS-1, PPAR-γ, and NF-κB in exercise-trained rats

Parameters

C

CrHis

Bio

CrHis+Bio

E

E + CrHis

E + Bio

E + Bio + CrHis

Final body weight, g

312.29 ± 4.33a

301.86 ± 2.47a

307.00 ± 4.20a

301.43 ± 6.01a

282.29 ± 2.62b

270.86 ± 2.48b

276.71 ± 4.93b

273.29 ± 3.23b

Cr intake, μg/rat/day

23.52 ± 1.15d

32.45 ± 2.07b

24.64 ± 1.83c

32.43 ± 2.30b

25.76 ± 1.46c

35.4 ± 2.33a

26.88 ± 2.91c

36.88 ± 3.15a

Biotin intake, μg/rat/day

5.46 ± 0.82c

5.72 ± 0.75c

135.3 ± 4.26b

135.1 ± 3.85b

5.98 ± 0.68c

6.24 ± 1.33c

147.5 ± 6.55a

153.75 ± 8.70a

Glucose, mg/dL

121.50 ± 3.53a

110.71 ± 1.67b

118.67 ± 1.48b

106.86 ± 1.03c

112.29 ± 2.67b

97.71 ± 1.95d

109.29 ± 1.51b

93.57 ± 1.25e

Cholesterol, mg/dl

86.72 ± 3.23a

78.25 ± 2.61b

80.55 ± 3.42b

75.15 ± 3.20c

77.43 ± 1.95b

71.86 ± 2.35d

76.99 ± 2.83b

67.55 ± 2.85e

HDL, mg/dL

11.48 ± 0.44d

14.29 ± 0.42c

13.32 ± 0.42cd

15.86 ± 0.63c

15.29 ± 0.78c

18.14 ± 0.55b

16.14 ± 0.59c

22.71 ± 1.43a

Triglyceride, mg/dL

139.00 ± 9.84a

91.57 ± 4.85c

108.67 ± 5.74b

77.00 ± 5.23d

68.43 ± 3.05e

61.14 ± 2.82ef

65.71 ± 6.28e

51.71 ± 4.45g

AST, U/L

245.67 ± 44.12

240.71 ± 16.38

239.00 ± 20.12

237.29 ± 17.02

239.71 ± 15.48

243.71 ± 19.67

242.43 ± 11.29

236.43 ± 21.01

ALT, U/L

102.00 ± 3.39

100.71 ± 4.32

103.17 ± 7.12

104.57 ± 4.45

106.29 ± 5.36

103.14 ± 2.76

105.29 ± 4.55

103.29 ± 3.90

  1. Data are given as mean ± standard error. (a-g) The difference between the groups with different letters is statistically significant (p < 0.05). C Control, CrHis Chromium histidinate, Bio Biotin, E Exercise, HDL High-Density Lipoprotein, AST Aspartate aminotransferase, ALT Alanine aminotransferase