Effects of ingesting a pre-workout dietary supplement with and without synephrine for 8 weeks on training adaptations in resistance-trained males

Table 9 Blood Glucose and Lipid Data

Variable	Group	Number	Time (wk)				p-value
Variable	Group	Number	0	4	8		p-value
Glucose (mg/dl)	PLA	27	86.6 ± 7.0	93.7 ± 12.8*	93.8 ± 13.0*	Group	0.90
	PWS	27	89.4 ± 7.1	89.7 ± 8.9	95.1 ± 9.2*	Time	<0.001
	PWS + S	26	90.7 ± 8.2	90.1 ± 5.0	95.4 ± 7.9*	G x T	0.017_q
Cholesterol (mg/dl)	PLA	27	159.5 ± 31.6	156.9 ± 34.3	156.1 ± 41.7	Group	0.34
	PWS	27	164.1 ± 31.3	158.1 ± 26.0	163.3 ± 32.8	Time	0.16
	PWS + S	26	174.5 ± 42.8	171.9 ± 40.9	165.9 ± 36.1	G x T	0.44
HDL-C (mg/dl)	PLA	27	53.4 ± 12.6	51.8 ± 13.1	51.3 ± 15.0	Group	0.99
	PWS	27	52.7 ± 14.7	50.0 ± 13.9	52.6 ± 14.7	Time	0.10
	PWS + S	26	53.5 ± 16.2	52.7 ± 12.7	49.6 ± 15.0	G x T	0.24
CHL:HDL	PLA	27	3.1 ± 0.7	3.1 ± 0.8	3.1 ± 0.7	Group	0.38
	PWS	27	3.2 ± 0.9	3.3 ± 0.8	3.2 ± 0.7	Time	0.35
	PWS + S	26	3.9 ± 3.7	3.5 ± 1.8	4.1 ± 4.4	G x T	0.22
LDL-C (mg/dl)	PLA	27	106.0 ± 29.6	105.0 ± 31.4	104.7 ± 35.1	Group	0.32
	PWS	27	111.4 ± 29.8	108.0 ± 23.4	110.6 ± 27.9	Time	0.43
	PWS + S	26	121.0 ± 35.2	119.2 ± 42.3	116.2 ± 42.2	G x T	0.56
Triglyceride (mg/dl)	PLA	27	74.2 ± 33.8	81.9 ± 31.5	83.6 ± 30.7	Group	0.11
	PWS	27	92.8 ± 43.3	98.5 ± 37.8^a	86.5 ± 37.6	Time	0.89
	PWS + S	26	81.6 ± 36.6	73.9 ± 22.9^b	80.4 ± 41.9	G x T	0.31

Values are means ± standard deviations. All variables were analyzed by MANOVA. MANOVA analysis revealed overall Wilks’ Lambda group (p = 0.44), time (p < 0.001), and group x time (p = 0.58). Greenhouse-Geisser time and group x time (G x T) interaction p-values are reported with univariate group p-values. _q represents quadratic effect and _l represents linear p-value from univariate ANOVA. * represents p < 0.05 difference from baseline. ^ represents p < 0.05 difference from wk 4

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