Effects of ingesting a pre-workout dietary supplement with and without synephrine for 8 weeks on training adaptations in resistance-trained males

Table 4 Body Composition Data

Variables	Group	Number	Time (wk)				p-value
Variables	Group	Number	0	4	8		p-value
Body Weight (kg)	PLA	27	81.1 ± 13.4	81.8 ± 14.2	82.1 ± 14.0	Group	0.98
	PWS	27	81.8 ± 13.3	81.3 ± 11.3	82.2 ± 12.8	Time	0.003
	PWS + S	26	80.4 ± 16.1	81.3 ± 16.7	81.8 ± 17.3	G x T	0.28
Fat Mass (kg)	PLA	27	11.3 ± 5.4	11.9 ± 5.5	11.9 ± 5.2	Group	0.75
	PWS	27	12.7 ± 7.6	13.0 ± 7.7	12.8 ± 7.4	Time	0.10
	PWS + S	26	11.3 ± 7.3	11.6 ± 8.3	11.5 ± 8.5	G x T	0.61
Fat-Free Mass (kg)	PLA	27	63.0 ± 10.7	63.2 ± 11.2	63.4 ± 11.0	Group	0.94
	PWS	27	62.3 ± 7.2	62.2 ± 6.7	62.7 ± 6.6	Time	0.001
	PWS + S	26	62.4 ± 9.2	63.0 ± 9.0	63.6 ± 9.1	G x T	0.28
Body Fat (%)	PLA	27	15.1 ± 6.2	15.7 ± 6.0	15.7 ± 5.6	Group	0.55
	PWS	27	16.1 ± 6.6	16.4 ± 6.7	16.2 ± 6.3	Time	0.23
	PWS + S	26	14.5 ± 5.8	14.5 ± 6.3	14.3 ± 6.1	G x T	0.36
Total Body Water (%)	PLA	27	53.6 ± 6.4	53.0 ± 4.6	52.0 ± 5.5	Group	0.40
	PWS	27	50.5 ± 5.5	51.0 ± 5.7	51.7 ± 6.3	Time	0.82
	PWS + S	26	52.2 ± 5.7	51.4 ± 5.1	51.8 ± 5.9	G x T	0.37

Values are means ± standard deviations. All variables were analyzed by MANOVA. MANOVA analysis revealed overall Wilks’ Lambda group (p = 0.40), time (p = 0.003), and group x time (p = 0.50). Greenhouse-Geisser time and group x time (G x T) interaction p-values are reported with univariate group p-values

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