Effects of powdered Montmorency tart cherry supplementation on acute endurance exercise performance in aerobically trained individuals

Table 6 Markers of free radical production and oxidative stress

Variable	Group	Baseline	Pre-Run	60-min Post	24-hr Post	48-hr Post	Group Mean	p-value (GG)	p-value (WSC)	RFT Covariate p-value (WSC)
Nitrotyrosine (nM)	P	279 ± 305	214 ± 164	231 ± 180	193 ± 139	198 ± 156	223 ± 71	G = 0.493		G = 0.852
	TC	305 ± 425	284 ± 382	319 ± 436	260 ± 352	302 ± 435	294 ± 85	T = 0.177	T _L = 0.183	T _q = 0.667
	Time Mean	292 ± 70	249 ± 53	275 ± 60^Ψ	227 ± 48^Ψ◊	250 ± 58^◊		G X T = 0.699	G X T _L = 0.619	G X T _L = 0.597
TBARS (uM)	P	8.24 ± 4.62	7.59 ± 2.54	7.01 ± 4.24	7.35 ± 3.52	7.73 ± 3.39	7.59 ± 0.71	G = 0.484		G = 0.840
	TC	8.34 ± 4.06	7.94 ± 4.08	7.91 ± 3.46	8.93 ± 4.52	8.79 ± 4.09	8.38 ± 0.86	T = 0.690	T _q = 0.332	T _q = 0.462
	Time Mean	8.29 ± 0.86	7.77 ± 0.64	7.46 ± 0.77	8.14 ± 0.77	8.26 ± 0.72		G X T = 0.783	G X T _L = 0.547	G X T _L = 0.520
TAS (mM)	P	3.13 ± 0.85	3.20 ± 0.88^	3.08 ± 0.89	3.18 ± 1.08	2.96 ± 0.95	3.11 ± 0.17	G = 0.476		G = 0.381
	TC	2.99 ± 0.84	2.50 ± 0.97	2.87 ± 1.07	2.96 ± 1.26	3.27 ± 0.87^Ψ	2.92 ± 0.20	T = 0.713	T _q = 0.321	T _L = 0.436
	Time Mean	3.06 ± 0.17	2.85 ± 0.18	2.98 ± 0.19	3.07 ± 0.23	3.12 ± 0.18		G X T = 0.239	G X T _q = 0.089^§	G X T _q = 0.089^§
SOD (U/mL)	P	0.49 ± 0.09	0.52 ± 0.11	0.50 ± 0.12	0.49 ± 0.08	0.49 ± 0.14	0.50 ± 0.02	G = 0.198		G = 0.285
	TC	0.45 ± 0.10	0.46 ± 0.16	0.47 ± 0.15	0.42 ± 0.15	0.48 ± 0.10	0.46 ± 0.02	T = 0.687	T _L = 0.756	T _L = 0.155
	Time Mean	0.47 ± 0.02	0.49 ± 0.03	0.49 ± 0.03	0.46 ± 0.02	0.48 ± 0.03		G X T = 0.808	G X T _L = 0.564	G X T _L = 0.656

Individual group and time data expressed as means ± SD, while group effects are presented as means ± SEM. Data represents the response to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species production in addition to antioxidant activity at each testing session during the 10 day intervention. MANOVA analysis revealed overall Wilks’ Lambda time (p <0.001) and group x time (p = 0.684). Univariate ANOVA p-levels from MANOVA analysis are presented for each variable. Univariate ANOVA p-levels are listed first by the Greenhouse-Geisser (GG) analysis and then by the within-subjects contrasts (WSC) to demonstrate the potential shape of the time or group x time interaction with significance indicated by the following super/subscripts: § indicates p <0.10 p-level significance. LSD post hoc analysis is indicated by the following superscripts: ^ represents p <0.05 difference between groups, Ψ represents p <0.05 difference from pre-run, ◊ represents p <0.05 difference from 60-min post. TBARS thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TAS total antioxidant status, SOD superoxide dismutase, RFT race finish time, G group p-level, T time p-level, G x T interaction, q quadratic p-level, L linear p-level

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