Effects of powdered Montmorency tart cherry supplementation on acute endurance exercise performance in aerobically trained individuals

Table 10 Quadriceps muscle soreness perception

Variable	Group	Pre-Run	60-min Post	24-hr Post	48-hr Post	Group Mean	p-value (GG)	p-value (WSC)	RFT Covariate p-value (WSC)
Algo I (cm)	P	5.99 ± 2.94^	6.98 ± 3.35	6.44 ± 2.69	5.95 ± 3.01	6.34 ± 0.66	G = 0.523		G = 0.660
	TC	3.96 ± 2.15	6.43 ± 3.15^Ψ	6.31 ± 3.43^Ψ	5.98 ± 3.04^Ψ	5.67 ± 0.80	T = 0.003*	T _q = 0.002*	T _L = 0.440
	Time Mean	4.98 ± 0.52	6.71 ± 0.64^Ψ	6.38 ± 0.59^Ψ	5.96 ± 0.59^Ψ		G X T = 0.110	G X T _L = 0.035*	G X T _L = 0.028*
Algo II (cm)	P	5.02 ± 2.55	5.77 ± 2.91	5.58 ± 2.56	4.78 ± 3.02	5.29 ± 0.60	G = 0.393		G = 0.847
	TC	4.15 ± 2.66	5.12 ± 3.01	4.51 ± 3.10	4.08 ± 2.30	4.47 ± 0.72	T = 0.122	T _q = 0.013*	T _L = 0.229
	Time Mean	4.59 ± 0.51	5.45 ± 0.58	5.05 ± 0.55	4.43 ± 0.54		G X T = 0.921	G X T _q = 0.889	G X T _q = 0.458
Algo III (cm)	P	4.65 ± 3.04^	6.41 ± 2.91^^Ψ	6.04 ± 2.90^^Ψ◊	4.41 ± 2.90^◊#	5.38 ± 0.67	G = 0.098^§		G = 0.226
	TC	2.59 ± 2.45	4.43 ± 2.89^Ψ	3.48 ± 2.92	3.84 ± 3.11^Ψ	3.58 ± 0.80	T < 0.001*	T _q < 0.001*	T _L = 0.508
	Time Mean	3.62 ± 0.55	5.42 ± 0.57^Ψ	4.76 ± 0.57^Ψ	4.12 ± 0.59^◊		G X T = 0.058^§	G X T _q = 0.053^§	G X T _q = 0.257

Individual group and time data expressed as means ± SD, while group effects are presented as means ± SEM. Data represents the participant soreness perception in the quadriceps muscle group at each testing session during the 10 day intervention. MANOVA analysis revealed overall Wilks’ Lambda time (p <0.001) and group x time (p = 0.199). Univariate ANOVA p-levels from MANOVA analysis are presented for each variable. Univariate ANOVA p-levels are listed first by the Greenhouse-Geisser (GG) analysis and then by the within-subjects contrasts (WSC) to demonstrate the potential shape of the time or group x time interaction with significance indicated by the following super/subscripts: * indicates p <0.05 p-level significance, § indicates p <0.10 p-level significance. LSD post hoc analysis is indicated by the following superscripts: ^ represents p <0.05 difference between groups, Ψ represents p <0.05 difference from pre-run, ◊ represents p <0.05 difference from 60-min post, # represents p <0.05 difference from 24-hr post. Algo I Algometer location #1: Vastus Medalis 1/4, Algo II Algometer location #2: Vastus Lateralis 1/4, Algo III Algometer location #3: Vastus Lateralis 1/2, RFT race finish time, G group p-level, T time p-level, G x T interaction, q quadratic p-level, L linear p-level

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