Table 4 Associations between supplement use and performance-related reasons for supplementation
Supplement | Muscle Mass/Strength (38 %) | Endurance (31 %) | Increase Energy (55 %) | Overall Athletic Performance (49 %) | Recovery (49 %) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Multi-vitamin/Multi-mineral (67 %) | χ 2 = 11.965 p = 0.001 V = 0.146 | χ 2 = 8.469 p = 0.004 V = 0.123 | χ 2 = 0.203 p = 0.652 V = 0.019 | χ 2 = 6.370 p = 0.012 V = 0.106 | χ 2 = 5.773 p = 0.016 V = 0.101 |
Vitamin C (66 %) | χ 2 = 7.688 p = 0.006 V = 0.117 | χ 2 = 5.278 p = 0.022 V = 0.097 | χ 2 = 2.580 p = 0.108 V = 0.068 | χ 2 = 4.662 p = 0.031 V = 0.091 | χ 2 = 3.046 p = 0.081 V = 0.073 |
B Vitamins (32 %) | χ 2 = 11.002 p = 0.001 V = 0.140 | χ 2 = 20.610 p < 0.001 V = 0.191 | χ 2 = 6.675 p = 0.010 V = 0.109 | χ 2 = 11.867 p = 0.001 V = 0.145 | χ 2 = 1.487 p = 0.223 V = 0.051 |
Vitamin E (26 %) | χ 2 = 25.084 p < 0.001 V = 0.211 | χ 2 = 27.410 p < 0.001 V = 0.221 | χ 2 = 10.883 p = 0.001 V = 0.139 | χ 2 = 18.510 p < 0.001 V = 0.181 | χ 2 = 2.257 p = 0.133 V = 0.063 |
Vitamin D (48 %) | χ 2 = 9.013 p = 0.003 V = 0.127 | χ 2 = 12.488 p < 0.001 V = 0.149 | χ 2 = 0.619 p = 0.431 V = 0.033 | χ 2 = 2.629 p = 0.105 V = 0.068 | χ 2 = 0.616 p = 0.433 V = 0.033 |
Vitamin- enriched Water (65 %) | χ 2 = 5.594 p = 0.018 V = 0.100 | χ 2 = 10.919 p = 0.001 V = 0.139 | χ 2 = 13.372 p < 0.001 V = 0.154 | χ 2 = 17.511 p < 0.001 V = 0.176 | χ 2 = 4.535 p = 0.033 V = 0.090 |
Iron (27 %) | χ 2 = 6.234 p = 0.013 V = 0.105 | χ 2 = 7.387 p = 0.007 V = 0.114 | χ 2 = 6.574 p = 0.010 V = 0.108 | χ 2 = 7.795 p = 0.005 V = 0.117 | χ 2 = 0.223 p = 0.637 V = 0.020 |
Calcium (43 %) | χ 2 = 25.438 p < 0.001 V = 0.212 | χ 2 = 10.571 p = 0.001 V = 0.137 | χ 2 = 9.816 p = 0.002 V = 0.132 | χ 2 = 10.204 p = 0.001 V = 0.134 | χ 2 = 3.097 p = 0.078 V = 0.074 |
Magnesium (17 %) | χ 2 = 11.060 p = 0.001 V = 0.140 | χ 2 = 16.037 p < 0.001 V = 0.169 | χ 2 = 7.193 p = 0.007 V = 0.113 | χ 2 = 7.827 p = 0.005 V = 0.118 | χ 2 = 5.510 p = 0.019 V = 0.099 |
Protein Powder (51 %) | χ 2 = 120.609 p < 0.001 V = 0.462 | χ 2 = 27.927 p < 0.001 V = 0.223 | χ 2 = 12.172 p < 0.001 V = 0.147 | χ 2 = 47.946 p < 0.001 V = 0.292 | χ 2 = 51.470 p < 0.001 V = 0.302 |
BCAA (8 %) | χ 2 = 21.995 p < 0.001 V = 0.198 | χ 2 = 14.313 p < 0.001 V = 0.159 | χ 2 = 7.943 p = 0.005 V = 0.119 | χ 2 = 16.010 p < 0.001 V = 0.169 | χ 2 = 3.392 p = 0.065 V = 0.078 |
Beta-alanine (4 %) | χ 2 = 3.440 p = 0.064 V = 0.078 | χ 2 = 5.451 p = 0.020 V = 0.098 | χ 2 = 3.095 p = 0.079 V = 0.074 | χ 2 = 2.462 p = 0.117 V = 0.066 | χ 2 = 0.536 p = 0.464 V = 0.031 |
Glutamine (8 %) | χ 2 = 26.895 p < 0.001 V = 0.218 | χ 2 = 27.131 p < 0.001 V = 0.219 | χ 2 = 9.594 p = 0.002 V = 0.130 | χ 2 = 15.530 p < 0.001 V = 0.166 | χ 2 = 15.335 p < 0.001 V = 0.165 |
Fatty Acids (40 %) | χ 2 = 12.534 p < 0.001 V = 0.149 | χ 2 = 4.866 p = 0.027 V = 0.093 | χ 2 = 0.302 p = 0.583 V = 0.023 | χ 2 = 2.087 p = 0.149 V = 0.061 | χ 2 = 0.267 p = 0.606 V = 0.022 |
Energy Drinks (27 %) | χ 2 = 14.246 p < 0.001 V = 0.159 | χ 2 = 5.024 p = 0.025 V = 0.094 | χ 2 = 22.360 p < 0.001 V = 0.199 | χ 2 = 0.653 p = 0.419 V = 0.034 | χ 2 = 4.312 p = 0.038 V = 0.087 |
Sport/Electrolyte Drinks (90 %) | χ 2 = 17.637 p < 0.001 V = 0.177 | χ 2 = 9.922 p = 0.002 V = 0.133 | χ 2 = 19.795 p < 0.001 V = 0.187 | χ 2 = 16.349 p < 0.001 V = 0.170 | χ 2 = 18.945 p < 0.001 V = 0.183 |
Sport Gels/Gummies (26 %) | χ 2 = 14.132 p < 0.001 V = 0.158 | χ 2 = 8.300 p = 0.004 V = 0.121 | χ 2 = 12.120 p < 0.001 V = 0.146 | χ 2 = 8.098 p = 0.004 V = 0.120 | χ 2 = 18.349 p < 0.001 V = 0.180 |
Sport/Protein Bar (71 %) | χ 2 = 27.780 p < 0.001 V = 0.222 | χ 2 = 29.989 p < 0.001 V = 0.230 | χ 2 = 16.794 p < 0.001 V = 0.172 | χ 2 = 28.890 p < 0.001 V = 0.226 | χ 2 = 38.043 p < 0.001 V = 0.259 |
Recovery Drinks (31 %) | χ 2 = 57.268 p < 0.001 V = 0.319 | χ 2 = 41.358 p < 0.001 V = 0.271 | χ 2 = 16.384 p < 0.001 V = 0.171 | χ 2 = 41.349 p < 0.001 V = 0.271 | χ 2 = 61.395 p < 0.001 V = 0.330 |
Creatine (7 %) | χ 2 = 19.434 p < 0.001 V = 0.186 | χ 2 = 15.634 p < 0.001 V = 0.166 | χ 2 = 3.173 p = 0.075 V = 0.075 | χ 2 = 10.546 p < 0.001 V = 0.137 | χ 2 = 6.629 p = 0.010 V = 0.108 |
Plant Extracts (47 %) | χ 2 = 8.426 p = 0.004 V = 0.122 | χ 2 = 2.079 p = 0.149 V = 0.061 | χ 2 = 7.471 p = 0.006 V = 0.115 | χ 2 = 5.633 p = 0.018 V = 0.100 | χ 2 = 3.194 p = 0.074 V = 0.075 |