Table 2 Strength of pairwise associations between performance enhancing reasons to use and type of supplements used.
From: Nutritional supplement use by elite young UK athletes: fallacies of advice regarding efficacy
Nutritional supplementsa | Maintain strength | Enhance endurance | Able to train longer |
|---|---|---|---|
Vitamin C | χ2 = 6.430 | ||
NA | NA | ϕ = .126 | |
(.011) | |||
Iron | χ2 = 5.275 | ||
NA | ϕ = .115 | NA | |
(.022) | |||
Ginseng b | χ2 = 4.518 | ||
NA | NA | ϕ = .106 | |
(.034) | |||
Whey protein | χ 2 = 94.355 | χ 2 = 12.723 | |
ϕ = .484 | NA | ϕ = .178 | |
(< .001) | (< .001) | ||
Caffeine | χ2 = 11.170 | χ2 = 2.536 | |
NA | ϕ = 0.167 | ϕ = .079 | |
(.001) | (.111) | ||
Creatine | χ 2 = 80.327 | ||
ϕ = .447 | NA | NA | |
(< .001) | |||
Energy drinks | NA | χ 2 = 44.895 | χ 2 = 19.224 |
ϕ = .334 | ϕ = .129 | ||
(< .001) | (< .001) |