Table 5 (A,B,C,D) - Changes in blood and urine parameters (R1,R2,R3,R4) in subjects without EAH, n = 50
A | Pre-race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Parameter | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 |
Haematocrit (%) | 41.7 (3.7) | 41.8 (3.0) | 42.1 (3.2) | 41.7 (2.3) |
Plasma sodium (mmol/l) | 138.0 (2.7) | 137.7 (2.1) | 140.0 (1.7) | 141.8 (1.9) |
Plasma potassium (mmol/l) | 6.5 (1.5) | 4.6 (0.3) | 6.6 (0.9) | 5.1 (0.4) |
Plasma osmolality (mosmol/kg H 2 O) | 289.9 (5.0) | 289.4 (4.7) | 288.6 (3.4) | 288.7 (3.4) |
Urine specific gravity (g/ml) | 1.015 (0.004) | 1.016 (0.004) | 1.013 (0.005) | 1.015 (0.007) |
Urine osmolality (mosmol/kg H 2 O) | 485.01 (219.1) | 530.01 (272.3) | 364.8 (163.3) | 444.4 (273.0) |
Urine potassium (mmol/l) | 28.3 (28.9) | 50.4 (37.7) | 28.3 (15.8) | 37.0 (28.9) |
Urine sodium (mmol/l) | 58.7 (46.1) | 82.8 (40.8) | 81.3 (39.5) | 94.2 (52.3) |
K/Na ratio in urine | 0.5 (0.4) | 0.6 (0.4) | 0.4 (0.2) | 0.5 (0.4) |
Transtubular potassium gradient | 6.9 (6.7) | 25.7 (28.9) | 7.0 (7.0) | 15.5 (22.1) |
Glomerular filtration rate (ml/min) | 86.9 (15.0) | 82.9 (8.6) | 93.0 (7.6) | 86.9 (8.2) |
B | Post-race | |||
Parameter | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 |
Haematocrit (%) | 42.8 (3.0) | 40.8 (2.8) | 40.8 (2.9) | 39.7 (2.9) |
Plasma sodium (mmol/l) | 137.4 (2.6) | 136.8 (2.8) | 138.7 (2.5) | 139.2 (2.5) |
Plasma potassium (mmol/l) | 6.1 (1.0) | 4.6 (0.9) | 5.0 (0.6) | 5.1 (0.5) |
Plasma osmolality (mosmol/kg H 2 O) | 292.7 (4.2) | 291.8 (5.0) | 290.4 (6.0) | 290.1 (4.4) |
Urine specific gravity (g/ml) | 1.021 (0.004) | 1.022 (0.004) | 1.019 (0.010) | 1.025 (0.007) |
Urine osmolality (mosmol/kg H 2 O) | 764.3 (196.9) | 730.9 (241.4) | 505.0 (312.0) | 763.4 (291.4) |
Urine potassium (mmol/l) | 77.8 (25.4) | 61.9 (47.9) | 44.2 (27.8) | 76.3 (31.2) |
Urine sodium (mmol/l) | 43.2 (30.6) | 44.4 (44.9) | 51.2 (34.7) | 80.4 (58.9) |
K/Na ratio in urine | 2.3 (1.0) | 2.3 (2.7) | 0.9 (0.6) | 2.2 (3.0) |
Transtubular potassium gradient | 35.6 (19.7) | 40.3 (41.4) | 20.5 (17.7) | 42.8 (22.6) |
Glomerular filtration rate (ml/min) | 69.6 (12.4) | 71.2 (9.9) | 86.2 (9.5) | 72.3 (12.2) |
C | Change (absolute) | |||
Parameter | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 |
Haematocrit (%) | 1.1 (3.2) | –1.0 (2.6) | –1.3 (2.0)* | –2.0 (2.2) |
Plasma sodium (mmol/l) | –0.6 (3.9) | –0.9 (2.8) | –1.3 (2.6) | –2.6 (2.4)** |
Plasma potassium (mmol/l) | –0.4 (1.7) | –0.1 (1.0) | –1.6 (1.1)** | –0.0 (0.5) |
Plasma osmolality (mosmol/kg H 2 O) | 2.8 (4.2) | 2.4 (6.2) | 1.8 (5.8) | 1.4 (5.5) |
Urine specific gravity (g/ml) | 0.006 (0.004)** | 0.006 (0.006)** | 0.006 (0.011) | 0.010 (0.009)** |
Urine osmolality (mosmol/kg H 2 O) | 279.3 (195.1)** | 200.8 (342.4)* | 114.2 (355.8)** | 319.0 (326.9)** |
Urine potassium (mmol/l) | 49.5 (39.0)** | 11.5 (22.9) | 15.9 (35.9) | 39.3 (40.6)** |
Urine sodium (mmol/l) | –15.6 (37.5) | –37.8 (46.0)** | –30.1 (38.4)* | –13.8 (70.3) |
K/Na ratio in urine | 1.7 (0.7)** | 1.7 (2.4)* | 0.56 (0.7)* | 1.7 (3.1) |
Transtubular potassium gradient | 28.7 (14.1)** | 14.6 (46.4) | 13.5 (20.0)* | 27.3 (23.7)** |
Glomerular filtration rate (ml/min) | –17.2 (14.7)** | –11.7 (9.8)** | –6.8 (6.1)** | –14.6 (14.2)** |
D | Change (%) | |||
Parameter | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 |
Haematocrit (%) | 2.8 (8.0) | –2.4 (6.1) | –3.1 (4.8)* | –4.8 (5.1) |
Plasma sodium (mmol/l) | –0.4 (2.8) | –0.6 (2.0) | –0.9 (1.9) | –1.8 (1.7)** |
Plasma potassium (mmol/l) | –6.3 (27.8) | –0.6 (22.9) | –24.6 (14.1)** | –1.0 (9.2) |
Plasma osmolality (mosmol/kg H 2 O) | 0.9 (1.5) | 0.8 (2.1) | 0.6 (2.0) | 0.5 (1.9) |
Urine specific gravity (g/ml) | 0.7 (0.4)** | 0.5 (0.6)** | 0.6 (1.1) | 1.0 (0.9)** |
Urine osmolality (mosmol/kg H 2 O) | 57.6 (85.3)** | 37.9 (161.2)* | 38.4 (195.6)** | 71.8 (185.1)** |
Urine potassium (mmol/l) | 174.8 (458.2)** | 22.9 (22.0) | 56.3 (191.8) | 106.2 (422.9)** |
Urine sodium (mmol/l) | –26.5 (81.6) | –46.0 (118.1)** | –37.0 (36.1)* | –14.6 (105.2) |
K/Na ratio in urine | 359.9 (187.2)** | 281.7 (327.6)* | 148.7 (222.3)* | 366.6 (347.9) |
Transtubular potassium gradient | 417.7 (575.1)** | 56.9 (1185.7) | 192.7 (2133.5)* | 176.6 (1196.2)** |
Glomerular filtration rate (ml/min) | –19.8 (14.7)** | –14.1 (11.7)** | –7.3 (6.7)** | –16.8 (13.9)** |