| |
Used
|
Not used
|
ANCOVAa
|
Effect size
|
Effect of age
|
|---|
| |
Mean [ SD]
|
Mean [ SD]
| |
ηp2
| |
|---|
|
Vitamins and Minerals
| |
|
• MBAS height
|
6.37 [2.85]
|
6.24 [2.82]
|
F(1,1100) = 0.60
|
.001
|
NS
|
|
• MBAS fatness
|
19.82 [9.01]
|
19.52 [8.36]
|
F(1,1001) = 0.41
|
.000
|
NS
|
|
• MBAS muscularity
|
31.34 [11.25]
|
29.92 [10.69]
|
F(1,992) = 5.37*
|
.005
|
***
|
|
• MBAS total score
|
65.12 [22.17]
|
63.31 [20.34]
|
F(1,887) = 1.90
|
.002
|
***
|
|
Protein powder
| |
|
• MBAS height
|
6.68 [2.74]
|
6.15 [2.85]
|
F(1,1100) = 6.77*
|
.006
|
NS
|
|
• MBAS fatness
|
21.09 [9.20]
|
19.16 [8.35]
|
F(1,1001) = 8.63**
|
.009
|
NS
|
|
• MBAS muscularity
|
33.41 [10.99]
|
29.48 [10.72]
|
F(1,992) = 20.94***
|
.02
|
***
|
|
• MBAS total score
|
69.89 [21.85]
|
62.04 [20.40]
|
F(1,887) = 20.89***
|
.02
|
***
|
|
Sports drinks (eg., Gatorade, Powerade)
| |
|
• MBAS height
|
6.32 [2.80]
|
6.25 [2.86]
|
F(1,1100) = .18
|
.000
|
NS
|
|
• MBAS fatness
|
19.55 [8.51]
|
19.71 [8.70]
|
F(1,1001) = .08
|
.000
|
NS
|
|
• MBAS muscularity
|
31.79 [10.72]
|
29.08 [10.94]
|
F(1,992) = 16.44***
|
.02
|
***
|
|
• MBAS total score
|
65.19 [20.59]
|
62.62 [21.40]
|
F(1,887) = 3.30
|
.00
|
***
|
|
Energy drinks (e.g., Red Bull, V, Mother)
| |
|
• MBAS height
|
6.44 [2.66]
|
6.22 [2.90]
|
F(1,1100) = 1.28
|
.00
|
NS
|
|
• MBAS fatness
|
20.26 [8.92]
|
19.36 [8.45]
|
F(1,1001) = 1.39
|
.00
|
NS
|
|
• MBAS muscularity
|
33.38 [10.76]
|
29.16 [10.74]
|
F(1,992) = 22.07***
|
.02
|
***
|
|
• MBAS total score
|
68.06 [20.18]
|
62.17 [21.16]
|
F(1,887) = 10.26**
|
.01
|
**
|
- Note: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 aANCOVA controlled for age in these analyses.
