Relationships between body image, nutritional supplement use, and attitudes towards doping in sport among adolescent boys: implications for prevention programs

Table 3 Male Body Attitudes Scale [MBAS] subscale scores of adolescent boys using certain products and supplements in the past two weeks

	Used	Not used	ANCOVA^a	Effect size	Effect of age
	Mean [ SD]	Mean [ SD]		ηp²
Vitamins and Minerals
• MBAS height	6.37 [2.85]	6.24 [2.82]	F(1,1100) = 0.60	.001	NS
• MBAS fatness	19.82 [9.01]	19.52 [8.36]	F(1,1001) = 0.41	.000	NS
• MBAS muscularity	31.34 [11.25]	29.92 [10.69]	F(1,992) = 5.37*	.005	***
• MBAS total score	65.12 [22.17]	63.31 [20.34]	F(1,887) = 1.90	.002	***
Protein powder
• MBAS height	6.68 [2.74]	6.15 [2.85]	F(1,1100) = 6.77*	.006	NS
• MBAS fatness	21.09 [9.20]	19.16 [8.35]	F(1,1001) = 8.63**	.009	NS
• MBAS muscularity	33.41 [10.99]	29.48 [10.72]	F(1,992) = 20.94***	.02	***
• MBAS total score	69.89 [21.85]	62.04 [20.40]	F(1,887) = 20.89***	.02	***
Sports drinks (eg., Gatorade, Powerade)
• MBAS height	6.32 [2.80]	6.25 [2.86]	F(1,1100) = .18	.000	NS
• MBAS fatness	19.55 [8.51]	19.71 [8.70]	F(1,1001) = .08	.000	NS
• MBAS muscularity	31.79 [10.72]	29.08 [10.94]	F(1,992) = 16.44***	.02	***
• MBAS total score	65.19 [20.59]	62.62 [21.40]	F(1,887) = 3.30	.00	***
Energy drinks (e.g., Red Bull, V, Mother)
• MBAS height	6.44 [2.66]	6.22 [2.90]	F(1,1100) = 1.28	.00	NS
• MBAS fatness	20.26 [8.92]	19.36 [8.45]	F(1,1001) = 1.39	.00	NS
• MBAS muscularity	33.38 [10.76]	29.16 [10.74]	F(1,992) = 22.07***	.02	***
• MBAS total score	68.06 [20.18]	62.17 [21.16]	F(1,887) = 10.26**	.01	**

Note: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 ^aANCOVA controlled for age in these analyses.

ISSN: 1550-2783