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Table 6 Key polyphenols found in review food sources

From: Effect of food sources of nitrate, polyphenols, L-arginine and L-citrulline on endurance exercise performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Group

Subclasses

Food sources

Example compounds

Flavonoids

Anthocyanidins

Berries, cherries, blackcurrants, grapes [15]

Cyanidin

 

Flavanols (Flavan-3-ol)

Green tea, cocoa, [15]

Catechin

 

Flavanones

Citrus, cherries [15]

Hesperidin

 

Flavones

Beetroot, fruit skins, Thai ginseng [15, 175]

Luteolin

 

Flavonols

Apples, beetroot, cherries, nuts, olive oil, cranberries [15]

Quercetin

Phenolic acids

Benzoic acid derivatives

Cinnamic acid derivatives

Beetroot, nuts, cranberries, ginger, chokeberry [15], Yerba mate [176], ginseng [177,178,179], cranberries, banana [180], Aloe arborescens [181], Danggui Buxue Tang [182], honey [183], Spirulina [184], Protandim [185, 186]

Gallic acid

Vanillic acid

p-coumaric acid

Caffeic acid

Chlorogenic acid

Stilbenes

Stillbenoids

Grapes, nuts [15]

Resveratrol

Tannins

Hyrdolysable tannins

Condensed tannins (Proanthocyanidins)

Phlorotannins

Pomegranate, blackcurrant, French maritime bark [187], Carob [188], Ecklonia cava [189], Rhodiola rosea [190]

Ellagitannins

Procyanidin

Dieckol