Table 2 Environmental factors in pre and post-training. Mean ± SD, Δ% and t-value (Cohen's D Effect Size) are reported

Weight (kg)

68.1 ± 9.5

67.4 ± 7.5

- 0.6%

-1.182 (0.287)

Body Mass Index (kg/m²)

22.1 ± 2.6

22.1 ± 2.2

0.2%

-0.059 (0.014)

Fat Mass (%)

15.8 ± 5.4

12.5 ± 4.6

-19.4%

-4.170 (1.011)

Muscular Mass (kg)

42.1 ± 4.9

43.4 ± 3.8

3.7%

2.708 (0.657)

VO_2max (ml/min)

2965 ± 418

3133 ± 344

7.0%

1.935 (0.469)

VO_2max (ml/kg/min)

44.2 ± 8.0

46.5 ± 5.8

6.9%

1.723 (0.418)

W_peak (W/kg)

3.4 ± 0.4

4.1 ± 0.5

20.5%

11.147 (2.703)

LT₁ (W/kg)

1.2 ± 0.3

1.7 ± 0.4

45.2%

3.997 (0.969)

LT₂ (W/kg)

2.0 ± 0.5

2.7 ± 0.4

37.5%

4.860 (1.179)

Energy (kcal)

2098 ± 481

2413 ± 790

16.2%

2.048 (0.497)

Protein (g)

84.4 ± 17.2

98.2 ± 30.0

15.8%

2.642 (0.641)

Carbohydrate (g)

266.9 ± 60.7

322.2 ± 100.9

23.2%

2.548 (0.618)

Starch (g)

129.7 ± 47.1

158.3 ± 61.9

40.5%

1.967 (0.477)

Fat (g)

78.9 ± 24.4

84.8 ± 36.3

9.4%

0.833 (0.202)

Saturated Fats (g)

23.0 ± 7.6

24.6 ± 10.2

10.1%

0.767 (0.186)

Monounsaturated Fats (g)

27.0 ± 9.3

28.5 ± 13.5

11.5%

0.517 (0.126)

Polyunsaturated Fats (g)

8.5 ± 2.9

10.0 ± 4.5

28.3%

1.152 (0.279)

Omega-3 (% kcal/kcal tot)

0.5 ± 0.2

0.4 ± 0.1

4.2%

-0.987 (0.239)

Omega-6 (% kcal/kcal tot)

3.1 ± 0.9

3.0 ± 0.5

5.8%

-0.201 (0.049)

Fibres (g)

8.4 ± 4.4

11.7 ± 8.4

48.4%

2.203 (0.534)

Iron (mg)

8.4 ± 2.6

10.0 ± 4.1

26.6%

1.982 (0.481)

Vitamin A (mcg)

772 ± 459

920 ± 540

44.1%

1.345 (0.326)

Vitamin C (mg)

48.7 ± 24.0

84.5 ± 51.7

117.4%

3.150 (0.764)

Vitamin D (mg)

1.7 ± 1.4

1.8 ± 0.7

54.9%

0.535 (0.130)

Vitamin E (mg)

7.0 ± 3.0

8.7 ± 4.9

29.7%

1.845 (0.448)

Aminoacids

12509 ± 4183

15121 ± 4916

28.6%

2.641 (0.641)