Table 5 The level of exercise blood biomarkers and hematological parameters in taekwondo athletes before and after supplementation (pre-exercise, maximum, and recovery values)

LA_Pre-EX

(mmol∙L⁻¹)

Before

1.07

±

0.19

0.92

-

1.21

1.18

±

0.27

0.97

-

1.39

After

1.13

±

0.26

0.93

-

1.33

1.10

±

0.30

0.88

-

1.33

LA_max

(mmol∙L⁻¹)

Before

10.9

±

1.6

9.7

-

12.1

10.9

±

2.1

9.3

-

12.5

After

10.2

±

1.4

9.1

-

11.3

10.7

±

1.9

9.2

-

12.2

LA_R5

(mmol∙L⁻¹)

Before

10.33

±

1.64

9.07

-

11.59

9.99

±

1.50

8.83

-

11.14

After

9.57

±

1.65

8.31

-

10.84

9.60

±

1.55

8.41

-

10.79

LA_R20

(mmol∙L⁻¹)

Before

6.37

±

1.77

5.01

-

7.73

6.27

±

1.66

4.99

-

7.54

After

5.80

±

1.44

4.69

-

6.90

5.91

±

1.60

4.68

-

7.14

LA_R30

(mmol∙L⁻¹)

Before

4.63

±

1.58

3.42

-

5.85

4.21

±

1.51

3.05

-

5.36

After

4.13

±

1.19

3.21

-

5.04

3.93

±

1.33

2.91

-

4.96

NH_3Pre-EX

(μmol∙L⁻¹)

Before

22.7

±

1.9

21.2

-

24.1

22.6

±

2.3

20.8

-

24.3

After

20.8

±

1.9*

19.4

-

22.2

21.6

±

2.4

19.7

-

23.4

NH_3max

(μmol∙L⁻¹)

Before

80.3

±

10.6

72.2

-

88.5

81.4

±

8.7

74.8

-

88.1

After

72.4

±

10.2**

64.6

-

80.3

74.2

±

8.9 ***

67.4

-

81.0

NH_3R5

(μmol∙L⁻¹)

Before

66.4

±

15.9

54.2

-

78.7

69.2

±

11.4

60.4

-

78.0

After

61.1

±

17.8

47.4

-

74.8

61.8

±

8.7

55.1

-

68.5

NH_3R20

(μmol L⁻¹)

Before

48.2

±

11.5

39.4

-

57.1

48.8

±

6.8

43.6

-

54.0

After

43.9

±

12.4

34.3

-

53.4

44.4

±

6.3

39.6

-

49.3

NH_3R30

(μmol∙L⁻¹)

Before

38.8

±

6.5

33.8

-

43.8

37.8

±

4.4

34.4

-

41.1

After

34.8

±

8.5

28.2

-

41.3

33.6

±

4.6

30.0

-

37.1

WBC_Pre-EX

(x10⁹∙L⁻¹)

Before

5.88

±

1.32

4.86

-

6.89

5.76

±

0.98

5.00

-

6.51

After

5.27

±

0.98

4.51

-

6.02

5.06

±

0.80

4.44

-

5.67

Lym_Pre-EX

(x10⁹∙L⁻¹)

Before

1.74

±

0.24

1.56

-

1.93

1.76

±

0.36

1.48

-

2.03

After

1.91

±

0.19

1.77

-

2.06

1.86

±

0.40

1.55

-

2.17

Mon_Pre-EX

(x10⁹∙L⁻¹)

Before

0.30

±

0.10

0.22

-

0.38

0.41

±

0.15

0.30

-

0.52

After

0.38

±

0.15

0.26

-

0.49

0.39

±

0.13

0.29

-

0.49

Gra_Pre-EX

(x10⁹∙L⁻¹)

Before

3.81

±

1.28

2.83

-

4.79

3.60

±

0.79

2.99

-

4.21

After

2.98

±

0.82

2.35

-

3.60

2.81

±

0.58

2.37

-

3.26

RBC_Pre-EX

(x10¹²∙L⁻¹)

Before

4.68

±

0.50

4.29

-

5.06

4.96

±

0.53

4.55

-

5.38

After

4.60

±

0.39

4.30

-

4.90

4.65

±

0.38

4.36

-

4.95

Hb_Pre-EX

(mmol∙L⁻¹)

Before

8.60

±

0.86

7.94

-

9.27

8.78

±

0.64

8.28

-

9.27

After

8.47

±

0.84

7.83

-

9.12

8.36

±

0.43

8.03

-

8.69

Ht_Pre-EX

(L∙L⁻¹)

Before

0.40

±

0.04

0.37

-

0.43

0.41

±

0.03

0.39

-

0.44

After

0.40

±

0.03

0.37

-

0.42

0.39

±

0.02

0.38

-

0.41