Table 4 Pre-exercise and exercise cardiorespiratory variables in taekwondo athletes before and after supplementation

V̇E_Pre-EX

(L∙min⁻¹)

Before

14.0

±

2.5

12.1

-

16.0

14.1

±

2.0

12.6

-

15.7

After

13.9

±

2.8

11.7

-

16.0

15.9

±

2.8

13.7

-

18.0

HR_Pre-EX

(bpm)

Before

83

±

13

73

-

93

80

±

13

70

-

90

After

83

±

12

73

-

92

85

±

13

75

-

95

V̇O_2Pre-EX

(L∙min⁻¹)

Before

0.49

±

0.09

0.42

-

0.56

0.47

±

0.07

0.42

-

0.53

After

0.48

±

0.07

0.43

-

0.54

0.56

±

0.11

0.47

-

0.65

RER_Pre-EX

Before

0.79

±

0.04

0.76

-

0.83

0.83

±

0.05

0.79

-

0.87

After

0.81

±

0.08

0.75

-

0.88

0.81

±

0.08

0.75

-

0.86

V̇E_VT

(L∙min⁻¹)

Before

68.7

±

20.5

53.0

-

84.5

67.1

±

19.7

52.0

-

82.3

After

65.9

±

17.5

52.4

-

79.4

68.0

±

17.8

54.2

-

81.7

HR_VT

(bpm)

Before

161

±

15

150

-

173

158

±

15

147

-

170

After

159

±

15

148

-

171

161

±

18

147

-

174

V̇O_2VT

(L∙min⁻¹)

Before

2.55

±

0.68

2.03

-

3.08

2.59

±

0.70

2.05

-

3.13

After

2.56

±

0.58

2.11

-

3.01

2.64

±

0.59

2.18

-

3.09

RER_VT

Before

0.90

±

0.05

0.86

-

0.94

0.91

±

0.04

0.88

-

0.95

After

0.89

±

0.08

0.83

-

0.96

0.89

±

0.05

0.85

-

0.93

V̇E_max

(L∙min⁻¹)

Before

129

±

30

106

-

152

129

±

31

106

-

153

After

127

±

31

104

-

151

129

±

30

106

-

152

HR_max

(bpm)

Before

189

±

14

178

-

200

192

±

11

183

-

200

After

193

±

12

184

-

202

193

±

10

186

-

201

V̇O_2max

(L∙min⁻¹)

Before

3.64

±

0.84

2.99

-

4.29

3.54

±

0.77

2.95

-

4.14

After

3.66

±

0.82

3.03

-

4.29

3.68

±

0.86

3.02

-

4.33

RER_max

Before

1.10

±

0.05

1.06

-

1.13

1.10

±

0.03

1.07

-

1.13

After

1.06

±

0.07

1.01

-

1.11

1.09

±

0.06

1.05

-

1.14