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Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of the soccer players (n = 29) U16 by groups

From: Effects of 14-weeks betaine supplementation on pro-inflammatory cytokines and hematology status in professional youth soccer players during a competition season: a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Variables

Groups

Mean ± SD

Confidence Interval 95%

Height (cm)

BG

172.1 ± 2.3

[170.8 to 173.5]

PG

174.2 ± 4

[171.9 to 176.4]

Body mass (kg)

BG

59.2 ± 4.8

[56.4 to 61.9]

PG

65.8 ± 7.0

[61.9 to 69.6]

BMI (kg.m2)

BG

18.8 ± 4.7

[16.1 to 21.6]

PG

21.7 ± 1.8

[20.7 to 22.6]

VO2max (ml.kg− 1.min− 1)

BG

48.7 ± 2.2

[47.4 to 50.0]

PG

47.5 ± 2.6

[46.1 to 48.9]

PHV (years)

BG

13.6 ± 0.2

[13.3 to 13.7]

PG

13.4 ± 0.5

[13.1 to 13.6]

Maturity Offsets (years)

BG

1.8 ± 0.2

[1.6 to 2.0]

PG

2.1 ± 0.4

[1.8 to 2.3]

Age (years)

BG

15.4 ± 0.3

[15.3 to 15.5]

PG

15.5 ± 0.2

[15.3 to 15.6]

Body Fat (%)

BG

8.7 ± 2.7

[7.1 to 10.2]

PG

9.2 ± 3.5

[7.3 to 11.1]

LBM (kg)

BG

54.0 ± 4.6

[51.4 to 56.7]

PG

59.6 ± 5.4

[56.7 to 62.6]

  1. SD Standard deviation, BG Betaine group, PG Placebo group, BMI Body mass index, VO2max, PHV Peak height velocity; LBM Lean body mass