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Fig. 1 | Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

Fig. 1

From: Effects of 14-weeks betaine supplementation on pro-inflammatory cytokines and hematology status in professional youth soccer players during a competition season: a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Fig. 1

Change in all blood sampling variables assessment for each group and assessment stage. a Indicates changes in pro-inflammatory cytokines, and NLR; b Indicates changes in types of leukocytes, Plts, and Hct; c Indicates changes to the rest of RBC variables. * significant difference compared to P1 with the superiority of the BG (p < 0.05); # significant difference compared to P1 with the superiority of the PG (p < 0.05); ∞ significant difference compared to P2 with the superiority of the BG (p < 0.05); α significant difference compared to P2 with the superiority of the PG (p < 0.05). BG: Betaine Group; PG: Placebo Group; IL-6: Interleukin-6; IL-1β: Interleukin-1 beta; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; WBC: White blood cells; MIX: Plural of eosinophils, basophils, and monocytes; NLR: Neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio; RBC: Red blood cells; MCH: Mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC: Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; RDW: Red cell distribution width; Hb: Hemoglobin; Hct: Hematocrit; Plts: Platelets; P1: Pre-season; P2: Mid-season; P3: Post-season

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Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

ISSN: 1550-2783

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