Table 2 SUVs for the trunk and lower extremity skeletal muscles between the pitcher and control groups

Abdominal rectus

0.52 ± 0.09

0.57 ± 0.13

[− 0.16, 0.05]

0.66

0.313

0.50 ± 0.09

0.53 ± 0.11

[− 0.12, 0.07]

0.6

0.591

Abdominal external oblique

0.50 ± 0.05

0.46 ± 0.07

[−0.01, 0.10]

0.4

0.13

0.51 ± 0.07

0.48 ± 0.06

[−0.04, 0.09]

0.45

0.371

Abdominal internal oblique

0.64 ± 0.09

0.62 ± 0.09

[−0.07, 0.10]

0.07

0.676

0.67 ± 0.11

0.64 ± 0.10

[−0.07, 0.13]

0.88

0.572

Transverse abdominal

0.69 ± 0.12

0.69 ± 0.13

[−0.11, 0.11]

0.22

0.978

0.72 ± 0.17

0.60 ± 0.13

[−0.02, 0.26]

1.21

0.095

Greater psoas

0.85 ± 0.18

0.73 ± 0.13

[−0.08, 0.21]

0.37

0.359

0.91 ± 0.22

0.87 ± 0.12

[−0.13, 0.20]

0.38

0.622

Lumbar quadrate

0.66 ± 0.08

0.64 ± 0.14

[−0.08, 0.13]

0.52

0.641

0.68 ± 0.09

0.60 ± 0.11

[−0.01, 0.17]

0.52

0.089

Erector spinae

0.78 ± 0.13

0.76 ± 0.12

[−0.10, 0.13]

0.16

0.743

0.79 ± 0.10

0.74 ± 0.10

[−0.05, 0.14]

0.1

0.299

Iliacus

0.92 ± 0.10

0.98 ± 0.23

[−0.23, 0.11]

0.88

0.467

1.37 ± 0.36

0.95 ± 0.14

[0.16, 0.69]

1.52

0.005^a

Gluteus maximus

0.75 ± 0.15

0.64 ± 0.06

[0.01, 0.22]

1.02

0.035^a

0.80 ± 0.19

0.68 ± 0.10

[−0.03, 0.26]

1.05

0.1

Gluteus medius

0.76 ± 0.08

0.73 ± 0.10

[−0.06, 0.11]

0.17

0.566

0.86 ± 0.18

0.75 ± 0.05

[−0.02, 0.25]

0.73

0.092

Gluteus minimus

1.17 ± 0.57

0.98 ± 0.13

[−0.20, 0.58]

0.47

0.33

1.68 ± 1.00

0.91 ± 0.18

[0.05, 1.49]

0.9

0.039^a

Piriformis

0.93 ± 0.16

0.93 ± 0.16

[−0.15, 0.15]

0.59

0.977

1.11 ± 0.27

0.97 ± 0.19

[−0.09, 0.35]

0.05

0.22

Internal obturator

0.93 ± 0.19

1.20 ± 0.37

[−0.54, 0.02]

1.45

0.062

0.99 ± 0.21

1.04 ± 0.37

[−0.34, 0.23]

0.5

0.712

Obturator externus

0.95 ± 0.17

1.00 ± 0.24

[−0.24, 0.16]

0.86

0.677

1.12 ± 0.33

1.02 ± 0.19

[−0.15, 0.35]

0.12

0.414

Tensor fasciae latae

0.60 ± 0.19

0.43 ± 0.08

[0.03, 0.31]

1.15

0.020^a

0.89 ± 0.61

0.45 ± 0.05

[0.00, 0.88]

0.94

0.049^a

Rectus femoris

0.67 ± 0.36

0.49 ± 0.08

[−0.06, 0.43]

0.67

0.13

0.90 ± 0.63

0.49 ± 0.08

[−0.05, 0.86]

0.78

0.074

Vastus lateralis

0.64 ± 0.12

0.55 ± 0.10

[−0.01, 0.19]

0.66

0.088

0.60 ± 0.15

0.55 ± 0.10

[−0.08, 0.17]

0.42

0.424

vastus intermedius

0.80 ± 0.12

0.64 ± 0.15

[0.03, 0.29]

1.51

0.016^a

0.76 ± 0.11

0.69 ± 0.10

[−0.03, 0.17]

0.85

0.15

vastus medialis

0.68 ± 0.13

0.55 ± 0.06

[0.03, 0.23]

1.21

0.011^a

0.62 ± 0.14

0.55 ± 0.06

[−0.03, 0.17]

0.73

0.14

Sartorius

0.66 ± 0.31

0.54 ± 0.10

[−0.10, 0.34]

0.43

0.264

0.92 ± 0.34

0.52 ± 0.08

[0.15, 0.64]

1.4

0.005^a

Gracilis

0.58 ± 0.20

0.43 ± 0.10

[0.00, 0.30]

0.58

0.052

0.59 ± 0.16

0.40 ± 0.10

[0.07, 0.31]

0.98

0.005^a

Semimembranosus

0.78 ± 0.32

0.52 ± 0.07

[0.03, 0.50]

0.92

0.029^a

0.70 ± 0.21

0.55 ± 0.07

[0.00, 0.29]

0.84

0.051

Semitendinosus

0.88 ± 0.59

0.46 ± 0.10

[0.00, 0.84]

0.85

0.051

0.64 ± 0.15

0.48 ± 0.08

[0.05, 0.27]

1.44

0.008^a

Biceps femoris

0.67 ± 0.11

0.53 ± 0.06

[0.06, 0.23]

1.77

0.002^a

0.68 ± 0.12

0.54 ± 0.08

[0.05, 0.24]

1.59

0.006^a

Adductor complex

0.74 ± 0.09

0.66 ± 0.07

[0.01, 0.16]

1.24

0.029^a

0.75 ± 0.08

0.65 ± 0.09

[0.02, 0.17]

1.85

0.017^a

Popliteus

0.98 ± 0.19

0.77 ± 0.11

[0.06, 0.36]

1.18

0.010^a

0.97 ± 0.17

0.80 ± 0.12

[0.04, 0.32]

0.86

0.014^a

Anterior tibial

1.18 ± 0.50

0.79 ± 0.17

[0.02, 0.76]

0.89

0.042^a

1.28 ± 0.68

0.75 ± 0.20

[0.03, 1.03]

0.93

0.038^a

Extensor hallucis longus

1.11 ± 0.32

0.81 ± 0.19

[0.05, 0.55]

1.05

0.022^a

1.07 ± 0.33

0.88 ± 0.23

[−0.07, 0.46]

0.58

0.143

Extensor digitorum longus

0.98 ± 0.24

0.77 ± 0.13

[0.02, 0.39]

1.01

0.031^a

1.06 ± 0.31

0.82 ± 0.17

[0.00, 0.47]

1.23

0.051

Peroneus longus

1.03 ± 0.39

0.66 ± 0.09

[0.10, 0.66]

1.23

0.013^a

1.07 ± 0.38

0.67 ± 0.15

[0.12, 0.69]

1.09

0.007^a

Peroneus brevis

1.26 ± 0.39

0.61 ± 0.08

[0.37, 0.93]

1.92

0.000^a

1.63 ± 0.99

0.57 ± 0.14

[0.34, 1.77]

1.17

0.008^a

Flexor digitorum longus

0.97 ± 0.19

0.82 ± 0.40

[−0.14, 0.45]

0.11

0.29

0.92 ± 0.24

0.75 ± 0.25

[−0.06, 0.39]

0.53

0.143

Posterior tibial

1.06 ± 0.32

0.81 ± 0.22

[−0.01, 0.51]

0.42

0.055

0.85 ± 0.14

0.83 ± 0.19

[−0.14, 0.18]

0.44

0.776

Flexor hallucis longus

1.10 ± 0.36

0.74 ± 0.39

[0.02, 0.72]

0.19

0.041^a

1.06 ± 0.29

0.78 ± 0.34

[−0.01, 0.58]

0.06

0.057

Triceps surae

1.23 ± 0.58

0.80 ± 0.43

[−0.06, 0.91]

0.32

0.079

1.16 ± 0.54

0.73 ± 0.25

[0.03, 0.83]

0.54

0.035^a

Abductor hallucis

1.99 ± 1.33

0.74 ± 0.24

[0.29, 2.20]

1.01

0.016^a

1.30 ± 0.50

0.74 ± 0.34

[0.16, 0.96]

0.97

0.009^a

Plantar quadrate

1.19 ± 0.52

0.77 ± 0.16

[0.05, 0.78]

0.67

0.028^a

1.16 ± 0.44

0.82 ± 0.23

[0.01, 0.68]

0.54

0.043^a

Flexor digitorum brevis

1.55 ± 0.76

0.79 ± 0.21

[0.21, 1.31]

1.06

0.012^a

1.44 ± 0.76

0.71 ± 0.22

[0.18, 1.28]

1

0.015^a

Abductor digiti minimi

1.13 ± 0.44

0.69 ± 0.27

[0.10, 0.79]

1.08

0.014^a

1.34 ± 0.68

0.69 ± 0.24

[0.18, 1.13]

0.91

0.010^a

Flexor hallucis brevis

1.75 ± 0.68

0.77 ± 0.26

[0.47, 1.49]

1.71

0.001^a

1.81 ± 0.66

0.81 ± 0.31

[0.50, 1.51]

1.65

0.001^a

Abductor hallucis

1.65 ± 0.91

0.80 ± 0.24

[0.19, 1.51]

1.09

0.017^a

1.58 ± 0.54

0.87 ± 0.33

[0.28, 1.12]

1.43

0.003^a

Interosseous

1.37 ± 0.59

0.68 ± 0.22

[0.25, 1.12]

1.38

0.005^a

1.21 ± 0.49

0.71 ± 0.23

[0.13, 0.88]

1.3

0.012^a