Table 2 Prevalence of each component use by gender, age, and discipline
From: Use of nutritional supplements by elite Japanese track and field athletes
| Â | Any NS | Protein | Carbohydrate | Vitamins | Minerals | Amino acids | Creatine | Caffeine | Fish oil | Ubiquinone | Herbal | Others |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 63.9% (367) | 17.8% (102) | 5.9% (34) | 48.3% (277) | 22.8% (131) | 49.3% (283) | 9.2% (53) | 1.2% (7) | 5.1% (29) | 3.5% (20) | 5.7% (33) | 16.2% (93) |
Gender | ||||||||||||
 Male | 59.6% (187)* | 20.7% (65)* | 4.1% (13) | 43.3% (133)* | 19.7% (62) | 43.3% (136)* | 12.1% (38)* | 1.6% (5) | 4.1% (13) | 2.2% (7) | 4.8% (15) | 13.7% (43) |
 Female | 69.2% (180) | 14.2% (37) | 8.1% (21) | 55.4% (144) | 26.5% (69) | 56.5% (147) | 5.8% (15) | 0.8% (2) | 6.2% (16) | 5.0% (13) | 6.9% (18) | 19.2% (50) |
p-value | 0.018 | 0.048 | n.s. | 0.002 | n.s. | 0.002 | 0.009 | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
Ages | ||||||||||||
 Junior | 58.9% (161)†| 14.9% (41) | 6.2% (17) | 42.2% (116)†| 16.4% (45)†| 44.7% (123)†| 5.8% (16)†| 0.7% (2) | 1.5% (4)†| 2.5% (7) | 4.0% (11) | 11.6% (32)†|
 Senior | 68.9% (206) | 20.4% (61) | 5.7% (17) | 53.8% (161) | 28.8% (86) | 53.5% (160) | 12.4% (37) | 1.7% (5) | 8.4% (25) | 4.3% (13) | 7.4% (22) | 20.4% (61) |
p-value | 0.012 | n.s. | n.s. | 0.006 | < 0.001 | 0.037 | 0.009 | n.s. | < 0.001 | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
Discipline | ||||||||||||
 Sprinting | 57.7% (56) | 16.4% (16) | 3.1% (3) | 38.1% (37)§ | 10.3% (10)§ | 42.3% (41) | 21.6% (21)‡ | 2.1% (2) | 0% (0)§ | 0% (0)§ | 2.1% (2) | 11.3% (11) |
 Middle-distance | 71.7% (33) | 10.9% (5) | 6.5% (3) | 54.3% (25) | 21.7% (10) | 58.7% (27) | 0% (0)§ | 4.3% (2) | 4.3% (2) | 4.3% (2) | 6.5% (3) | 15.2% (7) |
 Long-distance | 75.8% (166)‡ | 15.5% (34) | 6.8% (15) | 60.3% (132)‡ | 38.4% (84)‡ | 58.9% (129)‡ | 0.9% (2)§ | 0.5% (1) | 11.0% (24)‡ | 7.3% (15)‡ | 11.4% (25)‡ | 25.1% (55)‡ |
 Hurdle | 57.4% (27) | 17.0% (8) | 8.5% (4) | 44.7% (21) | 10.6% (5)§ | 38.3% (18) | 12.8% (6) | 2.0% (1) | 6.4% (3) | 2.1% (1) | 2.1% (1) | 12.8% (6) |
 Jumping | 52.3% (45)§ | 16.3% (14) | 5.8% (5) | 47.7% (41) | 18.6% (16) | 43.0% (37) | 5.8% (5) | 1.2% (1) | 0% (0)§ | 1.2% (1) | 1.2% (1)§ | 10.5% (9) |
 Throwing | 49.2% (32)§ | 35.4% (23)‡ | 6.1% (4) | 21.5% (14)§ | 7.7% (5)§ | 36.9% (24)§ | 26.2% (17)‡ | 0% (0) | 0% (0)§ | 1.5% (1) | 0% (0)§ | 4.6% (3)§ |
 Combined events | 44.4% (8) | 14.3% (2) | 0% (0) | 50.0% (7) | 7.1% (1) | 50.0% (7) | 14.3% (2) | 0% (0) | 0% (0) | 0% (0) | 7.1% (1) | 14.3% (2) |
p-value | < 0.001 | 0.012 | n.s. | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.004 | < 0.001 | n.s. | < 0.001 | 0.031 | 0.001 | 0.001 |