Analysis of food and fluid intake in elite ultra-endurance runners during a 24-h world championship

Table 3 Intake and intake rate corrected for body mass

	Mean	SD	Minimum	Maximum
Total fluid (ml.kg BM⁻¹)	274	115	123	484
Total fluid (ml.h⁻¹)^a	685	290	385	1250
Total food (g.kg BM⁻¹)	65	55	28	188
Total food (g.h^− 1)	159	132	79	491
Energy (kJ.kg BM⁻¹)	606	34	119	1278
Energy (kJ.h⁻¹)^a	1463	654	305	2284
Carbohydrate (g.kg BM^− 1)	25.5	14.0	5.4	47.6
Carbohydrate (g.h⁻¹)^a	62.2	29.6	13.9	105.4
Fat (g.kg BM⁻¹)	3.3	3.7	0.3	13.6
Fat (g.h⁻¹)	7.7	7.0	0.9	24.3
Protein (g.kg BM⁻¹)	3.2	2.8	0.5	7.8
Protein (g.h⁻¹)^a	8.0	7.1	1.2	21.7
Sodium (mg.kg BM⁻¹)^b	352	200	125	803
Sodium (mg.h⁻¹)^b	869	431	271	1542
Caffeine (mg.kg BM⁻¹)^c	5.04	3.77	1.01	10.9
Caffeine (mg.h⁻¹)^c	12.8	10.1	2.4	32.9

^aLatest benchmark recommendations for fluid, energy, carbohydrate, and protein intake [10]: 450–750 mL.h⁻¹, 670–1670 kJ.h^− 1, 30–50 g.h^− 1, and 5–10 g.h^− 1, respectively
^bIn similar studies, sodium intake was observed between 158 and 246 mg.kg BM^− 1 and 493 and 671 mg.h^− 1 [13, 14, 35]
^cAlthough there are no specific recommendations, it has been advised to repeat doses of 50 mg·h^− 1 only during the night “when circadian rhythms are likely to be affected” [10]. BM = body mass

ISSN: 1550-2783