| |
Elite
|
Recreational
|
p-values (ES)
|
|---|
|
Supplementation
|
Group
|
Supplementation x Group
|
|---|
|
Tension
|
Caffeine
|
8.00 ± 4.99†
|
4.30 ± 3.77
|
0.001** (0.51)
|
0.380 (0.05)
|
0.021* (0.29)
|
| |
Placebo
|
1.88 ± 3.56
|
2.90 ± 2.18
|
|
Depression
|
Caffeine
|
3.63 ± 0.74
|
1.00 ± 1.25
|
0.894 (0.001)
|
0.036* (0.25)
|
0.242 (0.008)
|
| |
Placebo
|
2.88 ± 0.99
|
1.60 ± 3.69
|
|
Anger
|
Caffeine
|
0.38 ± 1.06
|
2.40 ± 3.10
|
0.690 (0.01)
|
0.180 (0.08)
|
0.241 (0.11)
|
| |
Placebo
|
0.88 ± 1.81
|
1.40 ± 2.46
|
|
Vigor
|
Caffeine
|
16.50 ± 2.62†#
|
13.00 ± 3.02
|
< 0.001*** (0.64)
|
0.119 (0.14)
|
0.004** (0.41)
|
| |
Placebo
|
12.62 ± 2.33
|
12.10 ± 2.85
|
|
Fatigue
|
Caffeine
|
2.50 ± 3.50
|
2.60 ± 2.22
|
0.008** (0.36)
|
0.370 (0.05)
|
0.088 (0.17)
|
| |
Placebo
|
6.50 ± 4.54
|
3.60 ± 4.09
|
|
Confusion
|
Caffeine
|
14.63 ± 3.54
|
12.20 ± 3.99
|
0.619 (0.02)
|
0.324 (0.06)
|
0.236 (0.09)
|
| |
Placebo
|
14.13 ± 4.36
|
13.40 ± 2.22
|
|
SVS
|
Caffeine
|
40.63 ± 4.78†
|
38.40 ± 5.44
|
< 0.001*** (0.59)
|
0.597 (0.02)
|
0.004** (0.41)
|
| |
Placebo
|
31.75 ± 7.78
|
36.80 ± 5.71
|
- Data are provided as the mean ± standard deviation. Adjusted values for the test statistic (F) and degrees of freedom (df) are shown when inequality of variances were found between groups
- Abbreviations: SVS: subjective vitality scale; ES: effect size
- *: p < 0.05; **: p < 0.01; ***: p < 0.001; †: significant differences for caffeine versus placebo at the group level; #: significant differences detected between elite and recreational athletes at the supplementation level
