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Table 3 Psychological measures recorded in each experimental group

From: Effects of caffeine supplementation on physical performance and mood dimensions in elite and trained-recreational athletes

 

Elite

Recreational

p-values (ES)

Supplementation

Group

Supplementation x Group

Tension

Caffeine

8.00 ± 4.99†

4.30 ± 3.77

0.001** (0.51)

0.380 (0.05)

0.021* (0.29)

 

Placebo

1.88 ± 3.56

2.90 ± 2.18

Depression

Caffeine

3.63 ± 0.74

1.00 ± 1.25

0.894 (0.001)

0.036* (0.25)

0.242 (0.008)

 

Placebo

2.88 ± 0.99

1.60 ± 3.69

Anger

Caffeine

0.38 ± 1.06

2.40 ± 3.10

0.690 (0.01)

0.180 (0.08)

0.241 (0.11)

 

Placebo

0.88 ± 1.81

1.40 ± 2.46

Vigor

Caffeine

16.50 ± 2.62†#

13.00 ± 3.02

< 0.001*** (0.64)

0.119 (0.14)

0.004** (0.41)

 

Placebo

12.62 ± 2.33

12.10 ± 2.85

Fatigue

Caffeine

2.50 ± 3.50

2.60 ± 2.22

0.008** (0.36)

0.370 (0.05)

0.088 (0.17)

 

Placebo

6.50 ± 4.54

3.60 ± 4.09

Confusion

Caffeine

14.63 ± 3.54

12.20 ± 3.99

0.619 (0.02)

0.324 (0.06)

0.236 (0.09)

 

Placebo

14.13 ± 4.36

13.40 ± 2.22

SVS

Caffeine

40.63 ± 4.78†

38.40 ± 5.44

< 0.001*** (0.59)

0.597 (0.02)

0.004** (0.41)

 

Placebo

31.75 ± 7.78

36.80 ± 5.71

  1. Data are provided as the mean ± standard deviation. Adjusted values for the test statistic (F) and degrees of freedom (df) are shown when inequality of variances were found between groups
  2. Abbreviations: SVS: subjective vitality scale; ES: effect size
  3. *: p < 0.05; **: p < 0.01; ***: p < 0.001; †: significant differences for caffeine versus placebo at the group level; #: significant differences detected between elite and recreational athletes at the supplementation level