Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participants and physiological responses to the incremental exercise test on treadmill

Age (years)

45.6 ± 5.3

Height (cm)

181 ± 4

Weight (kg)

80.1 ± 6.4

BMI (kg/m²)

24.5 ± 2.2

Muscle mass (kg)

37.7 ± 2.3

Fat mass (%)

16.6 ± 4.4

V̇O_2max (ml∙min⁻¹∙kg^− 1)

54.7 ± 4.1

Workload_max (Watt)

422 ± 32

RER_max

1.20 ± 0.10

V̇_Emax (L/min)

167 ± 16

Lactate_max (mmol/L)

11.2 ± 1.4

HR_max (bpm)

185 ± 8

Glucose_max (mmol/L)

4.8 ± 1.1

Borg RPE_max (median)

19