Fig. 2

Study protocol. Participants consumed 20 g of their supplementary protein powder after exercise (6 days a week). Body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at 0 and 4 months. Weight measurements and nutritional evaluations were performed at 0, 2, and 4 months. Medical check-ups were performed with blood sampling at 0 and 4 months. Oxidative stress was measured at 0 and 4 months. B: body composition measurement, W: weight measurement, N: nutritional evaluation, M: medical check-up, O: oxidative stress measurement