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Fig. 1 | Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

Fig. 1

From: Fluid type influences acute hydration and muscle performance recovery in human subjects

Fig. 1

Experimental design and protocol. Dehydration Protocol: Euhydrated participants were randomly assigned in a counterbalanced fashion to one of three groups (Deep, Sports, or Spring). Prior to data collection, participants executed 1 of 3 peak torque extension maneuvers to obtain a baseline value. Following peak torque extension, parameters were collected (indicated in the panel labeled DATA COLLECTION) and exercise was initiated using a stationary bicycle under moderate heat stress (32–35 °C). Exercise was continued for 15 min followed by collection of parameters. If participants did not achieve 3% body mass loss, exercise was reinitiated for another 15 min. This cycle was continued until participants lost a minimum 3% of body mass and participants were not allowed to evacuate or intake any fluids. Upon completion of the Dehydration Protocol, participants immediately executed the second (2) of 3 peak torque extension maneuvers to obtain a post-exercise value and transitioned to the Hydration protocol. Hydration protocol: Participants rehydrated with 1 of 3 fluids, in 2 phases. Phase 1: Participants consumed fluids at ½ of the total volume lost. 10 min following fluid intake a saliva sample was collected. Sample collection continued at 5-min intervals until 30 min from the time of fluid intake. Phase 2: The remaining amount (½ of the total volume lost) of fluid was ingested followed by saliva sample collection 10 min later. Saliva collection continued at 5-min intervals until 45 min from the second fluid intake. Immediately following the final saliva collection, participants executed the third [3] of 3 peak torque extension maneuvers to obtain a post-hydration value.

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