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Table 4 Mean ± SD from Likert scale data (1 = Not at all to 5 = extremely) on subjective feelings (n = 27)

From: Comparison of a sports-hydration drink containing high amylose starch with usual hydration practice in Australian rules footballers during intense summer training

 

Control Mean ± SD

Intervention Mean ± SD

Estimated Δ1 Mean ± SE

P-value for Δ1

1: Level of Thirst

2.9 ± 0.7

2.7 ± 0.7

−0.20 ± 0.16

0.21

2: Level of Bloating

2.0 ± 1.1

2.8 ± 1.2

0.83 ± 0.24

< 0.001

3: Sense of Refreshment

2.5 ± 0.9

2.5 ± 0.8

0.04 ± 0.16

0.83

4: Stomach discomfort

1.6 ± 0.8

2.5 ± 1.0

0.95 ± 0.17

< 0.001

5: Sense of fatigue

3.2 ± 1.0

3.1 ± 1.0

−0.08 ± 0.19

0.66

  1. 1The difference, Δ, for Intervention versus Control was obtained using a mixed effects model with arm and period as the fixed effects and subject as a random effect (see Methods)