Study | Subjects | Design | Supplement Ingredients (Sorted by order listed on Supplement Facts label) | Timing | Performance Testing Protocol | Results (d or RE) | Ref # |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hoffman et al. 2008 | 8 college-aged, resistance-trained males | Randomized, Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. | BCAAs (5200 mg) Creatine (5000 mg) Essential Amino Acids (4300 mg) Taurine (1500 mg) Glucuronolactone (350 mg) Caffeine (110 mg) | 20 min prior to exercise | 6 sets of up to 10 repetitions Barbell Back Squat, 75% 1RM | ↑ Repetitions during Set 5 (NA) | [16] |
Hoffman et al. 2009 | 12 college-aged male strength and power athletes | Randomized, Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. | Prop. Blend: (726 mg) β-alanine Caffeine (158 mg) L-Leucine B-Phenylethylamine HCl L-Valine L-Isoleucine N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine Yohimbine 5-hydroxytryptophan | 10 min prior to exercise | Choice Reaction Time Test, 20-s WAnT repeated three times | ↑ Number of Targets Struck (d = 0.53) ↑ Percent of Targets Stuck (d = 0.48) ↔ Peak Power ↔ Mean Power | [43] |
Bloomer et al. 2010 | 19 resistance-trained males | Randomized, Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. | 3 MIPS Investigated, all contained the following: Amino Acids Creatine Taurine Caffeine (MIPS 3: 234 mg) | 30 min prior to exercise | Bench Press Throws at 30% 1RM, 10 sets of BP RTF at 50% 1RM | ↔ BP 1RM ↔ RTF ↔Upper Body Power | [35] |
Hoffman et al. 2010 | 19 recreationally-active males and females | Randomized, Double-blind, placebo-controlled design. | Acetyl-L-carnitine (500 mg) L-tyrosine (500 mg) Α-glycerophosphocholine (150 mg) Choline bitartrate (125 mg) Caffeine (60 mg) Phosphatidylserine (50 mg) | 10 min prior to exercise | Choice Reaction Time Test before and after the following: WAnT, Maximum Pushup Repetitions Completed in one Minute, Maximum Situp Repetitions Completed in one Minute | ↑ Retention of Reaction Time (NA) ↔ Peak Power ↔ Mean Power ↔ Pushups Completed ↔ Sit-ups Completed | [36] |
Walsh et al. 2010 | 15 recreationally-trained males and females | Randomized, Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. | a Prop. Blend 1: (7900 mg) L-Leucine, L-Arginine, L-Glutamine, L-Valine, L-Isoleucine Prop. Blend 2: (2050 mg) Taurine, Glucoronolactone, Caffeine β-alanine (2500 mg) Creatine (5000 mg) Vitamin C (7900 mg) | 10 min prior to exercise | Treadmill TTE Protocol at 70% VO2max | ↑ TTE (NA) | [44] |
Gonzalez et al. 2011 | 8 college-aged, resistance-trained males | Randomized, Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. | a Prop. Blend 1: (7900 mg) L-Leucine, L-Arginine, L-Glutamine, L-Valine, L-Isoleucine Prop. Blend 2: (2050 mg) Taurine, Glucoronolactone, Caffeine β-alanine (2500 mg) Creatine (5000 mg) Vitamin C (7900 mg) | 10 min prior to exercise | 4 sets of up to 10 repetitions BP at 80% 1RM | ↑ Total Lifting Volume (d = 0.30) ↑ BP Peak Power (d = 0.53) ↑ BP Mean power (d = 0.29) | [38] |
Spradley et al. 2012 | 12 recreationally-trained males | Randomized, Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. | bBCAAs (6000 mg) Creatine (5000 mg) β-alanine (4000 mg) Citrulline malate (1500 mg) Caffeine (300 mg) | 20 min prior to exercise | LP and BP RTF Repeated 2 Times, Choice Reaction Time Test Repeated 4 Times, Intermittent Critical Velocity Test Repeated 4 Times | ↑ LP RTF (T1: d = 0.42; T2: d = 0.72) ↑ Choice Reaction Time (Audio Single Step: d = − 0.47; 15 s Multi-Directional: d = − 0.46; 30s Multi-Directional: d = − 0.33) ↔ BP RTF ↔ Critical Velocity ↔ Anaerobic Running Capacity | [37] |
Jacobs 2014 | 19 recreationally-active males and females | Randomized, Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. | Prop. Blend 1: (13,000 mg) Brown rice extract β-alanine Agmatine sulfate Grape seed extract Caffeine | 20 min prior to exercise | Maximum Bodyweight Exercise Repetitions Completed during a 20-min Exercise Bout | ↑ Repetitions Completed (d = 0.33) | [40] |
Jagim et al. 2016 | 12 resistance-trained male NCAA Division III football players | Randomized, Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. | cBCAAs (6000 mg) Citrulline Malate (6000 mg) Creatine (2000 mg) β –Alanine (2000 mg) Betaine (1500 mg) L-Tyrosine (1500 mg) Taurine (1000 mg) N-Acetyl L-Cysteine (600 mg) Caffeine (300 mg) | 30 min prior to exercise | CMVJ, 5 × 5 bench press at 85% 5RM, 1 set of RTF at 85% 5RM, Anaerobic treadmill sprint test. | ↑ BP RTF During Set 5 (d = 0.38) ↑ BP Total Volume Load (d = 0.19) ↑ Mean Sprint Power (d = 0.25) ↔ BS RTF ↔ BS Total Volume Load ↔ Lower Body Power | [5] |
Magrini et al. 2016 | 31 recreationally-active males and females | Randomized, Double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel design. | Prop. Blend: (350 mg) Caffeine (158 mg) L-Leucine B-Phenylethylamine HCl L-Valine L-Isoleucine N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine Yohimbine 5-hydroxytryptophan | 30 min prior to exercise | Pushup RTF | ↔ Pushup RTF | [34] |
Martinez et al. 2016 | 13 recreationally-trained males | Randomized, Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. | b Prop. Blend 1: (3500 mg) β-alanine (2000 mg) L-Tyrosine Prop. Blend 2: (2000 mg) Creatine Arginine BCAAs Prop. Blend 3: (1750 mg) Choline Bitartrate Glucuronolactone Caffeine | 20 min prior to exercise | Medicine Ball Put, VJ, BP 1RM, WAnT | ↑ WAnT Peak Power (d = 0.30) ↑ WAnT Mean Power (d = 0.24) ↔ MBP Performance ↔ VJ ↔ BP 1RM | [41] |
Collins et al. 2017 | 25 recreationally-active males and females | Randomized, Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. | β-alanine (2100 mg) Arginine nitrate (1300 mg) Folic acid (325 mcg) Caffeine (200 mg) Niacin (65 mg) Vitamin B12 (45 mcg) | 30 min prior to exercise. | BP and LP 1RM, 2 × 10 BP and LP at 70% 1RM, BP and LP RTF at 70% 1RM, 4 km cycle TT | ↑ BP RTF (d = 0.57) ↑ LP RTF (d = 0.55) ↑ BP Volume (d = 0.34) ↑ Total Lifting Volume (d = 0.50) ↑ Retention of LP Force Production (NA) ↔ Retention of BP Force Production ↔ TT Performance ↔ LP Volume | [23] |
Jung et al. 2017 | 25 recreationally-active males and females | Randomized, Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. | Supplement 1: β-alanine (3000 mg) Creatine (2000 mg) L-arginine (2000 mg) N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine (300 mg) Caffeine (284 mg) Mucana pruitiens extract (15 mg) Supplement 2: Supplement 1 + Citrus aurantium extract (20 mg) | 60 min prior to exercise. | 2 × 10 BP and LP at 70% 1RM, BP and LP RTF at 70% 1RM, WAnT, Stroop Test | Supplement 2: ↑ Resting Metabolic Rate (d = 0.71) ↑ Respiratory Exchange Ratio (d = 1.14–1.66) ↑ Stroop Test Performance (d = 0.36–0.69) ↔ BP RTF ↔ LP RTF ↔ WAnT Power | [39] |
Tinsley et al. 2017 | 21 resistance-trained males and females | Randomized, Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. | Supplement 1: Creatine (3000 mg) Betaine (2500 mg) L-Carnitine L-Tartrate (1000 mg) Rhodiola rosea extract (180 mg) Huperzine (200 mcg) c Supplement 2: BCAAs (6000 mg) Citrulline Malate (6000 mg) Creatine (2000 mg) β –Alanine (2000 mg) Betaine (1500 mg) L-Tyrosine (1500 mg) Taurine (1000 mg) N-Acetyl L-Cysteine (600 mg) Caffeine (300 mg) | 30 min prior to exercise. | Isokinetic squat MVC, 4 × 6 isokinetic squats | ↔ Squat MVC | [32] |
Bergstrom et al. 2018 | 12 resistance-trained males | Randomized, Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. | Citrulline Malate (6000 mg) L-Leucine (4000 mg) D-Aspartic Acid (3000 mg) Creatine (2000 mg) β-alanine (1600 mg) L-Tyrosine (1200 mg) Caffeine (350 mg) | 30 min prior to exercise. | 8 resistance exercises, 4 sets of RTF at 75% 1RM followed by: Isokinetic MVC, VJ, Bench Throw, Cycle Critical Power and Anaerobic Capacity Tests | ↑ Total Exercise Volume (d = 0.42) ↑ Lower Body Exercise Volume (d = 0.57) ↔ Upper-body Exercise Volume ↔ Isokinetic MVC ↔ Bench Throw ↔ Critical Power | [33] |
Cameron et al. 2018 | 15 recreationally- active females | Randomized, Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. | Prop Blend: (5850 mg) β-alanine Choline Bitartrate L-Tyrosine L-Glycine Taurine L-Carnitine Betaine Hawthorn Berry Agmatine Sulfate Caffeine | 60 min prior to exercise. | BP and BS RTF at 85% 5RM, CMVJ, Treadmill Sprint Test | ↑ Bench Press RTF (RE = 107.66) ↑ Total Work during Sprint (d = 0.14) ↑ Resting Metabolic Rate (d = 1.64) ↔ Back Squat RTF ↔ CMVJ | [4] |
Erickson et al. 2018 | 12 aerobically-trained females | Randomized, Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. | d Prop. Blend 1: (1000 mg) L-Carnitine Green Coffee Bean Extract Cayenne Fruit Extract Forskolin Prop. Blend 2: (371 mg) N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine Caffeine (150 mg) Mucana pruitiens extract (15 mg) β-alanine (1600 mg) Arginine (1000 mg) | 30 min prior to exercise. | 30 min constant velocity treadmill running at 90% VT | ↔ Fat oxidation | [47] |
Hahn et al. 2018 | 14 recreationally-active males | Randomized, Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. | L-Tyrosine (500 mg) Taurine (200 mg) Caffeine (120 mg) L-Carnitine (10 mg) Vitamin B6 (15 mg) Vitamin B12 (45 mcg) | 20 min prior to exercise. | CMVJ, Treadmill Sprint Test | ↔ Average Power ↔ Peak Power | [42] |
Lane et al. 2018 | 23 recreationally-active males | Randomized, Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. | L-Citrulline DL-Malate (3000 mg) β-alanine (2000 mg) BCAAs (1500 mg) Creatine (1500 mg) Caffeine (300 mg) Vitamin B6 (20 mg) Vitamin B12 (500 mcg) | 20 min prior to exercise. | CMVJ, Repeated Cycle Sprint Test, 10 × 3 bench press at 80% 1RM | ↑ Bench Press Peak Velocity (d = 0.83) ↑ Bench Press Mean Velocity (d = 0.86) ↔ Cycle Sprint Power ↔ CMVJ | [6] |
Musgjerd et al. 2018 | 20 aerobically-trained males and females | Randomized, Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. | d Prop. Blend 1: (1000 mg) L-Carnitine Green Coffee Bean Extract Cayenne Fruit Extract Forskolin Prop. Blend 2: (371 mg) N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine Caffeine (150 mg) Mucana pruitiens extract (15 mg) β-alanine (1600 mg) Arginine (1000 mg) | 30 min prior to exercise | Simulated 5 km running race | ↔ Running performance | [45] |