Efficacy of heat-killed Lactococcus lactis JCM 5805 on immunity and fatigue during consecutive high intensity exercise in male athletes: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial

Table 2 Markers of muscle damage and stress at Day 1 and Day 14

			Day 1	Day 14	Comparison between day 14 and day 1	Comparison between groups at day 14
			Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	p value^a (Effect size^c)	p value^b (Effect size^c)
CPK	(Unit/L)	Placebo	240 ± 88	344 ± 180	0.014	0.614
					(0.587)	(0.15)
		LC-Plasma	211 ± 77	317 ± 182	0.003
					(0.689)
LDH	(Unit/L)	Placebo	193 ± 27	214 ± 39	0.007	0.195
					(0.634)	(0.38)
		LC-Plasma	179 ± 21	200 ± 35	0.001
					(0.729)
Adrenaline	(ng/mL)	Placebo	2.16 ± 0.75	6.14 ± 2.17	< 0.001	0.386
					(2.231)	(0.25)
		LC-Plasma	1.76 ± 0.81	5.67 ± 1.54	< 0.001
					(2.806)
Cortisol	(μg/dL)	Placebo	0.43 ± 0.22	0.43 ± 0.21	0.954	0.726
					(−0.012)	(0.10)
		LC-Plasma	0.43 ± 0.29	0.40 ± 0.26	0.672
					(−0.084)

ISSN: 1550-2783