Table 2 Markers of ANS activity during the Ingestion (A) and Recovery Periods (B)

A. Ingestion Period

I1

I2

p-value

Cohen’s d

I1

I2

p-value

Cohen’s d

Heart Rate (bpm)

62.6 ± 14.34

65.5 ± 10.96

0.60

0.23

59.7 ± 7.93

64.6 ± 9.13

0.04

0.57

lnRMSSD (ms)

3.95 ± 0.49

3.87 ± 0.40

0.57

0.17

4.0 ± 0.50

4.08 ± 0.45

0.45

0.16

lnSDNN (ms)

4.32 ± 4.40

4.40 ± 0.33

0.59

0.22

4.36 ± 0.48

5.04 ± 0.56

0.03

1.28

lnHF (ms²)

6.65 ± 1.00

6.55 ± 0.85

0.70

0.12

6.95 ± 0.79

7.04 ± 0.82

0.70

0.11

HFnu

42.92 ± 16.87

29.37 ± 16.06

0.01

0.82

39.01 ± 17.13

31.78 ± 12.49

0.03

0.48

lnLF (ms²)

7.00 ± 1.00

7.51 ± 0.73

0.21

0.58

7.43 ± 1.05

7.86 ± 0.71

0.05

0.48

LFnu

57.01 ± 16.89

70.62 ± 16.07

0.01

0.82

58.95 ± 20.45

68.20 ± 12.50

0.03

0.55

LF/HF

2.08 ± 2.29

3.20 ± 1.54

0.07

0.57

2.40 ± 2.31

2.75 ± 1.63

0.45

0.18

E (nmol/L)

4.40 ± 2.93

3.97 ± 2.05

0.41

0.17

3.53 ± 2.08

4.96 ± 2.84

0.02

0.58

NE (nmol/L)

21.56 ± 5.57

23.40 ± 9.63

0.51

0.23

18.16 ± 3.91

28.29 ± 7.29

0.00

1.73

B. Recovery Period

R1

R2

p-value

Cohen’s d

R1

R2

p-value

Cohen’s d

Heart Rate (bpm)

102.56 ± 10.79

87.6 ± 11.30

0.00

1.35

111.56 ± 11.37

94.4 ± 9.77

0.00

1.35

lnRMSSD (ms)

1.42 ± 0.49

2.54 ± 0.66

0.00

1.90

1.51 ± 0.84

2.50 ± 0.68

0.03

1.29

lnSDNN (ms)

2.90 ± 0.31

3.57 ± 0.49

0.01

1.62

2.89 ± 0.45

3.71 ± 0.58

0.01

1.59

lnHF (ms²)

1.59 ± 0.62

3.92 ± 1.30

0.00

2.30

1.50 ± 1.50

4.23 ± 1.22

0.00

2.01

HFnu

12.33 ± 7.30

13.61 ± 11.11

0.78

0.14

19.37 ± 20.31

18.00 ± 13.06

0.71

0.08

lnLF (ms²)

3.69 ± 0.97

6.04 ± 1.26

0.00

2.09

3.19 ± 1.12

5.71 ± 1.50

0.00

1.90

LFnu

87.62 ± 7.27

86.37 ± 11.14

0.78

0.13

80.45 ± 20.50

81.95 ± 13.11

0.69

0.09

LF/HF

9.69 ± 4.83

12.18 ± 12.00

0.47

0.27

7. 63 ± 4.22

7.18 ± 5.15

0.82

0.09

E (nmol/L)

31.50 ± 19.09

4.22 ± 2.91

0.00

2.00

38.24 ± 26.44

5.50 ± 2.34

0.00

1.74

NE (nmol/L)

158.20 ± 82.26

30.11 ± 14.08

0.00

2.17

179.14 ± 61.37

35.20 ± 8.51

0.00

3.2