Effects of two pre-workout supplements on concentric and eccentric force production during lower body resistance exercise in males and females: a counterbalanced, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Table 4 Force production during exercise session

	Condition	Sex	Exercise Sets					p values for 3-way ANOVA with repeated measures
	Condition	Sex	Set 1	Set 2	Set 3	Set 4^a	Set 5	Supplement	Time	Sex	Supplement x Time	Supplement x Sex	Time x Sex	Supplement x Time x Sex
Maximal Concentric Force (N)	P	M	1449 ± 381	1395 ± 356	1328 ± 328	1321 ± 381	1466 ± 471	0.51	0.003^*	0.26	0.31	0.08	0.17	0.53
	P	F	1303 ± 466	1312 ± 418	1407 ± 556	1342 ± 547	1313 ± 540
	NC	M	1708 ± 463	1466 ± 333	1616 ± 601	1457 ± 380	1609 ± 459
	NC	F	1303 ± 345	1261 ± 318	1288 ± 482	1231 ± 338	1283 ± 376
	C	M	1601 ± 488	1531 ± 419	1528 ± 381	1354 ± 360	1534 ± 468
	C	F	1437 ± 409	1343 ± 374	1290 ± 354	1240 ± 276	1234 ± 328
Maximal Eccentric Force (N)	P	M	1782 ± 563	1704 ± 591	1738 ± 724	1639 ± 707	1571 ± 613	0.63	0.001^*	0.17	0.006^*	0.93	0.005^*	0.01^*
	P	F	1428 ± 237	1412 ± 371	1469 ± 376	1366 ± 405	1414 ± 415
	NC	M	2032 ± 590	1696 ± 679	1535 ± 551^*	1567 ± 546^*	1375 ± 562^*
	NC	F	1391 ± 244	1348 ± 264	1431 ± 282	1312 ± 331	1358 ± 327
	C	M	1700 ± 518	1706 ± 566	1594 ± 560	1651 ± 624	1652 ± 480
	C	F	1444 ± 338	1427 ± 323	1425 ± 370	1415 ± 357	1408 ± 379

^aconcentric force production during set 4 was lower than set 1 (p = 0.02)
^*significantly different than other conditions, as indicated by significant pairwise comparisons (p < 0.05)

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