Fig. 5

Femoral artery diameter (panel a) and femoral artery blood flow (panel b) values (mean ± standard deviation) at baseline (BL), 45-min post ingestion of pre-workout supplement (PWS) (i.e., pre-leg extensor exercise; PRE), and 5-min post-leg extensor exercise (POST) for each load condition (i.e., 30 and 80% of 1RM) and treatment (i.e., placebo [PBO] and PWS). ANOVA revealed a 3-way interaction of time, load and treatment (p < 0.05) and post-hoc analysis with Bonferroni correction was employed to evaluate between treatment differences at each time point for each leg extensor exercise load condition. *, significantly different from PBO at the same time point within the 80% load condition (p < 0.008)