Table 1 Levels of salivary analytes at two time points during rest and exercise trials in males and females, degree of change between the time points by percentage (Δ) and the significance of this change (P)
From: Salivary diagnostic markers in males and females during rest and exercise
Rest | Exercise | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | T2 | Δ (%) | P | T1 | T2 | Δ (%) | P | |||
Flow rate (g · min-1) | ||||||||||
Males | 0.64 ± 0.47 | 0.72 ± 0.57 | 8.9 ± 26.6 | 0.176 | 0.81 ± 0.38 | 0.77 ± 0.52 | -1.7 ± 39.5 | 0.730 | ||
Females | 0.34 0.13 | 0.40 ± 0.12 | 21.3 ± 31.0 | 0.010 | ↑ | 0.32 ± 0.19 | 0.38 ± 0.24 | 16.7 ± 24.4 | 0.031 | ↑ |
Osmolality (mOsmol · kg-1) | ||||||||||
Males | 65.4 ± 15.8 | 65.9 ± 18.7 | 0.31 ± 9.1 | 0.850 | 62.1 ± 18.5 | 71.3 ± 34.8 | 11.9 ± 27.1 | 0.287 | ||
Females | 57.3 ± 15.1 | 56.0 ± 11.8 | -0.20 ± 15.1 | 0.650 | 66.3 ± 16.6 | 68.8 ± 11.2 | 6.1 ± 14.0 | 0.434 | ||
Na (mmol · L-1) | ||||||||||
Males | 4.5 ± 2.2 | 5.1 ± 1.8 | 28.3 ± 48.9 | 0.451 | 5.1 ± 2.5 | 9.3 ± 12.0 | 37.7 ± 69.8 | 0.285 | ||
Females | 6.4 ± 3.2 | 5.0 ± 1.3 | -11.0 ± 31.0 | 0.136 | 5.3 ± 2.4 | 6.6 ± 1.8 | 35.9 ± 61.6 | 0.199 | ||
K (mmol · L-1) | ||||||||||
Males | 19.7 ± 4.1 | 21.3 ± 6.2 | 10.6 ± 40.5 | 0.528 | 22.3 ± 4.6 | 22.8 ± 5.1 | 2.2 ± 11.0 | 0.626 | ||
Females | 21.9 ± 6.0 | 19.5 ± 4.8 | -9.3 ± 15.1 | 0.060 | ↓ | 23.5 ± 5.5 | 24.3 ± 5.5 | 3.9 ± 7.5 | 0.150 | |
Cl (mmol · L-1) | ||||||||||
Males | 32.6 ± 13.2 | 35.9 ± 20.4 | 13.8 ± 64.7 | 0.634 | 32.2 ± 13.5 | 36.6 ± 22.6 | 10.6 ± 26.2 | 0.343 | ||
Females | 49.6 ± 27.2 | 43.1 ± 23.3 | -9.7 ± 26.7 | 0.193 | 37.6 ± 19.1 | 38.7 ± 16.6 | 5.9 ± 14.3 | 0.543 | ||
SIgA concentration (mg · L-1) | ||||||||||
Males | 65.7 ± 42.2 | 66.8 ± 52.0 | -3.5 ± 31.1 | 0.895 | 56.1 ± 41.2 | 61.2 ± 49.2 | 12.0 ± 53.4 | 0.526 | ||
Females | 86.4 ± 49.0 | 60.2 ± 35.8 | 8.3 ± 130.1 | 0.120 | 95.2 ± 103.9 | 112.9 ± 91.3 | 46.1 ± 63.4 | 0.083 | ↑ | |
SIgA secretion rate (μg · min-1) | ||||||||||
Males | 33.6 ± 17.5 | 39.1 ± 37.2 | 12.8 ± 59.9 | 0.559 | 39.6 ± 35.1 | 31.1 ± 12.9 | 7.5 ± 62.4 | 0.486 | ||
Females | 25.2 ± 17.1 | 24.1 ± 18.8 | 34.6 ± 137.1 | 0.275 | 29.7 ± 27.8 | 45.5 ± 34.4 | 78.8 ± 110.3 | 0.032 | ↑ | |
α-amylase activity (U∙mL-1) | ||||||||||
Males | 34.6 ± 20.4 | 38.2 ± 22.1 | 12.3 ± 12.2 | 0.050 | ↑ | 34.8 ± 19.5 | 44.0 ± 24.6 | 26.5 ± 19.0 | 0.034 | ↑ |
Females | 25.7 ± 23.5 | 29.5 ± 24.9 | 24.9 ± 27.4 | 0.030 | ↑ | 41.7 ± 21.9 | 56.3 ± 22.3 | 35.2 ± 32.9 | <0.001 | ↑ |
α-amylase secretion rate (U · min-1) | ||||||||||
Males | 20.8 ± 18.9 | 27.6 ± 26.1 | 26.6 ± 34.4 | 0.559 | 28.1 ± 22.2 | 30.5 ± 22.6 | 22.9 ± 53.5 | 0.672 | ||
Females | 7.3 ± 5.9 | 11.3 ± 9.6 | 68.4 ± 51.5 | 0.275 | 13.1 ± 9.5 | 20.6 ± 12.1 | 68.4 ± 51.5 | 0.004 | ↑ | |
Cortisol (nmol · L-1) | ||||||||||
Males | 4.21 ± 0.73 | 4.02 ± 0.48 | -3.7 ± 8.2 | 0.210 | 4.63 ± 0.71 | 4.55 ± 0.60 | -1.0 ± 8.5 | 0.617 | ||
Females | 5.95 ± 2.26 | 5.26 ± 2.16 | -11.4 ± 8.3 | <0.001 | ↓ | 6.00 ± 1.88 | 5.96 ± 2.08 | -0.3 ± 10.8 | 0.894 | |