Effects of acute ingestion of a pre-workout dietary supplement with and without p-synephrine on resting energy expenditure, cognitive function and exercise performance

Table 9 Blood Lipid and Glucose Panel

Variable	Treatment	Time (h)		p-level
Variable	Treatment	0	2	p-level
Cholesterol	PLA	170.6 ± 34.6	182.8 ± 35.1	0.006
(mg/dl)	PWS	187.3 ± 46.6 ^a	180.2 ± 36.9
(mg/dl)	PWS + S	161.7 ± 29.8 ^a,b	174.0 ± 33.5 ^a
HDL-c	PLA	54.9 ± 13.3	60.1 ± 16.0	0.57
(mg/dl)	PWS	52.2 ± 13.9	58.9 ± 14.6
(mg/dl)	PWS + S	54.2 ± 16.2	60.1 ± 18.1
CHOL: HDL-c	PLA	3.2 ± 0.9 ^b	3.2 ± 0.9	0.001
	PWS	3.8 ± 1.3 ^a,c	3.2 ± 1.0 *
	PWS + S	3.2 ± 1.0 ^b	3.1 ± 1.0
LDL-c	PLA	104.3 ± 36.7	109.6 ± 41.2	0.55
(mg/dl)	PWS	96.9 ± 31.9	104.5 ± 36.0
(mg/dl)	PWS + S	99.8 ± 41.2	104.6 ± 40.7
Triglycerides	PLA	98.0 ± 58.6	89.3 ± 38.3	0.14
(mg/dl)	PWS	109.5 ± 56.8	100.3 ± 47.5
(mg/dl)	PWS + S	88.3 ± 42.2	92.8 ± 54.6
Glucose	PLA	90.2 ± 9.7	101.5 ± 14.4 *	0.03
(mg/dl)	PWS	100.1 ± 16.0 ^a,c	114.4 ± 12.6 *^a
(mg/dl)	PWS + S	90.4 ± 7.3	113.8 ± 15.0 *^a

Values are means ± standard deviations for total cholesterol (CHOL), high density lipoproteins (HDL-c), the CHOL: HDL ratio (CHOL: HDL-c), low density lipoproteins (LDL-c), triglycerides and blood glucose. MANOVA analysis revealed overall Wilks’ Lambda treatment (p < 0.001), time (p < 0.001), and treatment x time (p < 0.001). Greenhouse-Geisser univariate p-levels of interaction (treatment x time) are reported above. * represents p < 0.05 difference from baseline. ^a denotes a significant difference from PLA. ^b denotes a significant difference from PWS. ^c denotes a significant difference from PWS + S

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