Effects of acute ingestion of a pre-workout dietary supplement with and without p-synephrine on resting energy expenditure, cognitive function and exercise performance

Table 7 Plasma Creatine

Variable	Treatment	Time (h)			p-level
Variable	Treatment	0	1	2	p-level
Plasma Creatine	PLA	0.74 ± 0.27	0.69 ± 0.21	0.71 ± 0.24	<0.001
(μmol/L)	PWS	0.71 ± 0.19	3.13 ± 1.43 *^a	3.10 ± 1.45 *^a
(μmol/L)	PWS + S	0.68 ± 0.17	3.28 ± 1.13 *^a	3.89 ± 1.61 *^a,b

Values are means ± standard deviations. MANOVA analysis revealed Wilks’ Lambda treatment (p < 0.001), time (p < 0.001) and treatment x time effects (p < 0.001). The Greenhouse-Geisser univariate treatment x time interaction is reported above. * represents p < 0.05 difference from baseline. ^a denotes a significant difference from PLA. ^b denotes a significant difference from PWS. ^c denotes a significant difference from PWS + S

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