Fig. 3

T1 and T2 isokinetic torque and EMG activity. A main time effect was observed for peak torque at 60°/s (p ≤ 0.001), and further analysis revealed T1-to-T2 decreases in the CHO (p = 0.001) and BCAA-CHO (p = 0.013) groups (panel a). A main time effect was observed for isokinetic mean EMG activity at 60°/s (p = 0.025), but no significant differences were observed within the CHO (p = 0.12) or BCAA-CHO (p = 0.087) groups (panel b). No main time effect or group*time interaction was observed for isokinetic peak EMG at 60°/s (panel c). There was a main time effect for isokinetic peak torque at 120°/s (p = 0.021), but further analysis revealed that this variable did not decrease in the CHO (p = 0.074) and did decrease in the BCAA-CHO (p = 0.047) group (panel d). There was a main time effect for isokinetic mean EMG 120°/s (p = 0.007), and further analysis revealed T1-to-T2 decreases in the CHO (p = 0.037) but not BCAA-CHO (p = 0.095) group (panel e). There was a main time effect for isokinetic peak EMG at 120°/s (p = 0.007), but further analysis revealed T1-to-T2 decreases did not occur in the CHO (p = 0.063) or BCAA-CHO (p = 0.060) groups (panel f). Abbreviations: BCAA-CHO, branched-chain amino acid and carbohydrate-supplemented group; CHO, carbohydrate only-supplemented group