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Table 9 Markers of immune-related complete blood counts

From: Effects of powdered Montmorency tart cherry supplementation on acute endurance exercise performance in aerobically trained individuals

Variable

Group

Baseline

Pre-Run

60-min Post

24-hr Post

48-hr Post

Group Mean

p-value (GG)

p-value (WSC)

RFT Covariate p-value (WSC)

Lymphocytes (K/uL)

P

1.83 ± 0.58

2.50 ± 0.81

1.47 ± 0.54

2.04 ± 0.69

2.26 ± 0.35

2.02 ± 0.11

G = 0.732

 

G = 0.414

TC

1.82 ± 0.53

2.63 ± 0.72

1.43 ± 0.25

1.75 ± 0.45

2.18 ± 0.46

1.96 ± 0.14

T <0.001*

T q   = 0.013*

T q   = 0.509

Time Mean

1.83 ± 0.11

2.56 ± 0.15†

1.45 ± 0.09†Ψ

1.90 ± 0.12Ψ◊

2.22 ± 0.08†Ψ◊#

 

G X T = 0.404

G X T L   = 0.905

G X T L   = 0.200

WBC (K/uL)

P

5.93 ± 1.45

6.54 ± 1.71

12.61 ± 3.39^†Ψ

6.64 ± 1.84◊

5.14 ± 0.84

7.37 ± 0.29

G = 0.314

 

G = 0.398

TC

5.83 ± 1.50

6.85 ± 1.61

10.80 ± 3.40†Ψ

5.73 ± 1.20◊

5.33 ± 1.05

6.91 ± 0.35

T <0.001*

T q   <0.001*

T L   = 0.613

Time Mean

5.88 ± 0.29

6.70 ± 0.33†

11.71 ± 0.66†Ψ

6.18 ± 0.32◊

5.24 ± 0.18†Ψ◊#

 

G X T = 0.223

G X T q   = 0.162

G X T q   = 0.500

MID (K/uL)

P

0.45 ± 0.14

0.53 ± 0.20

0.67 ± 0.23†

0.49 ± 0.19◊

1.10 ± 0.25†Ψ◊#

0.65 ± 0.03

G = 0.477

 

G = 0.607

TC

0.43 ± 0.11

0.61 ± 0.19†

0.54 ± 0.15

0.40 ± 0.10Ψ

1.10 ± 0.32†Ψ◊#

0.61 ± 0.04

T <0.001*

T L   = 0.022*

T q   = 0.495

Time Mean

0.44 ± 0.03

0.57 ± 0.04†

0.60 ± 0.04†

0.44 ± 0.03Ψ◊

1.10 ± 0.06†Ψ◊#

 

G X T = 0.276

G X T q   = 0.388

G X T q   = 0.562

GRAN (K/uL)

P

3.59 ± 1.07

3.53 ± 1.04

10.49 ± 3.49^†Ψ

4.09 ± 1.28◊

1.76 ± 0.59†Ψ◊#

4.69 ± 0.24

G = 0.349

 

G = 0.566

TC

3.59 ± 1.41

3.64 ± 0.86

8.83 ± 3.35†Ψ

3.58 ± 0.98◊

2.05 ± 1.00◊

4.34 ± 0.29

T < 0.001*

T q   <0.001*

T L   = 0.326

Time Mean

3.59 ± 0.24

3.58 ± 0.19

9.66 ± 0.67†Ψ

3.84 ± 0.23◊

1.90 ± 0.15†Ψ◊#

 

G X T = 0.259

G X T q   = 0.168

G X T q   = 0.493

GM-CSF (pg/mL)

P

26.38 ± 41.92

25.49 ± 31.29

26.08 ± 34.72

22.64 ± 30.21

22.41 ± 29.72

24.60 ± 9.15

G = 0.485

 

G = 0.696

TC

42.26 ± 47.28

37.37 ± 45.40

35.27 ± 46.54

29.52 ± 38.02

29.41 ± 36.03

34.77 ± 11.04

T = 0.056§

T L   = 0.022*

T q   = 0.794

Time Mean

34.32 ± 8.64

31.43 ± 7.36

30.68 ± 7.81

26.08 ± 6.57†Ψ◊

25.91 ± 6.34†Ψ◊

 

G X T = 0.407

G X T L   = 0.221

G X T L   = 0.319

  1. Individual group and time data expressed as means ± SD, while group effects are presented as means ± SEM. Data represents the complete blood count immune response markers at each testing session during the 10 day intervention. MANOVA analysis revealed overall Wilks’ Lambda time (p <0.001) and group x time (p = 0.684). Univariate ANOVA p-levels from MANOVA analysis are presented for each variable. Univariate ANOVA p-levels are listed first by the Greenhouse-Geisser (GG) analysis and then by the within-subjects contrasts (WSC) to demonstrate the potential shape of the time or group x time interaction with significance indicated by the following super/subscripts: * indicates p <0.05 p-level significance, § indicates p <0.10 p-level significance. LSD post hoc analysis is indicated by the following superscripts: ^ represents p <0.05 difference between groups, † represents p <0.05 difference from baseline value, Ψ represents p <0.05 difference from pre-run, â—Š represents p <0.05 difference from 60-min post, # represents p <0.05 difference from 24-hr post. WBC white blood cell, MID mid-range absolute count, GRAN granulocyte absolute count, GM-CSF granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, RFT race finish time, G group p-level, T time p-level, G x T interaction, q quadratic p-level, L linear p-level