Effects of powdered Montmorency tart cherry supplementation on acute endurance exercise performance in aerobically trained individuals

Levers, Kyle; Dalton, Ryan; Galvan, Elfego; O’Connor, Abigail; Goodenough, Chelsea; Simbo, Sunday; Mertens-Talcott, Susanne U.; Rasmussen, Christopher; Greenwood, Mike; Riechman, Steven; Crouse, Stephen; Kreider, Richard B.

doi:10.1186/s12970-016-0133-z

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

Table 4 Markers of muscle catabolism, Secondary muscle damage, and Physiological stress

From: Effects of powdered Montmorency tart cherry supplementation on acute endurance exercise performance in aerobically trained individuals

Variable	Group	Baseline	Pre-Run	60-min Post	24-hr Post	48-hr Post	Group Mean	p-value (GG)	p-value (WSC)	RFT Covariate p-value (WSC)
AST (U/L)	P	32.69 ± 33.67	26.62 ± 14.97	37.20 ± 17.36	50.52 ± 22.96	43.33 ± 16.68	38.07 ± 3.98	G = 0.911		G = 0.402
	TC	29.46 ± 10.54	26.30 ± 7.48	36.96 ± 9.68	49.97 ± 31.12	44.14 ± 24.60	37.37 ± 4.80	T = 0.002*	T _L = 0.005*	T _q = 0.593
	Time Mean	31.08 ± 5.27	26.46 ± 2.45	37.08 ± 2.89^†Ψ	50.25 ± 5.20^†Ψ◊	43.74 ± 3.96^†Ψ#		G X T = 0.859	G X T _q = 0.740	G X T _L = 0.707
ALT (U/L)	P	22.09 ± 13.55	20.32 ± 7.15	23.65 ± 8.04	26.42 ± 7.36	28.53 ± 8.02	24.20 ± 2.15	G = 0.576		G = 0.057^§
	TC	23.06 ± 8.22	23.13 ± 10.39	AM ± 10.22	27.94 ± 14.22	30.07 ± 14.80	26.11 ± 2.59	T = 0.008*	T _L = 0.006*	T _q = 0.677
	Time Mean	22.57 ± 2.29	21.73 ± 1.68	25.01 ± 1.76^Ψ	27.18 ± 2.09^Ψ◊	29.30 ± 2.20^†Ψ◊#		G X T = 0.842	G X T _q = 0.603	G X T _L = 0.869
Total Billirubin (umol/L)	P	9.01 ± 2.87	8.15 ± 3.03	13.03 ± 4.68	8.44 ± 4.06	7.65 ± 3.45	9.25 ± 0.76	G = 0.756		G = 0.614
	TC	8.71 ± 4.64	7.60 ± 3.75	11.65 ± 4.50	8.99 ± 4.22	7.46 ± 2.75	8.88 ± 0.91	T <0.001*	T _q = 0.001*	T _q = 0.484
	Time Mean	8.86 ± 0.72	7.88 ± 0.65	12.34 ± 0.90^†Ψ	8.71 ± 0.81^◊	7.55 ± 0.62^◊		G X T = 0.699	G X T _L = 0.694	G X T _q = 0.591
Urea/BUN (mmol/L)	P	4.75 ± 1.08	5.45 ± 1.36	6.36 ± 1.14	7.13 ± 1.15	6.33 ± 1.44	6.00 ± 0.21	G = 0.857		G = 0.426
	TC	5.11 ± 0.69	6.02 ± 1.17	6.16 ± 1.01	6.40 ± 1.44	6.03 ± 1.58	5.94 ± 0.26	T <0.001*	T _L <0.001*	T _L = 0.026*
	Time Mean	4.93 ± 0.19	5.74 ± 0.25^†	6.26 ± 0.21^†Ψ	6.77 ± 0.25^†Ψ	6.18 ± 0.29^†#		G X T = 0.144	G X T _L = 0.095^§	G X T _L = 0.014*
Creatinine (umol/L)	P	71.71 ± 15.07	74.29 ± 11.54	106.56 ± 15.45^†Ψ	79.85 ± 10.88^†◊	78.20 ± 11.17^†	82.12 ± 3.12	G = 0.651		G = 0.522
	TC	77.20 ± 15.93	82.29 ± 13.96	100.44 ± 25.52^†Ψ	81.54 ± 15.08^◊	80.34 ± 12.72	84.36 ± 3.77	T <0.001*	T _q <0.001*	T _L = 0.007*
	Time Mean	74.45 ± 3.02	78.29 ± 2.46	103.50 ± 3.94^†Ψ	80.70 ± 2.49^†◊	79.27 ± 2.31^◊		G X T = 0.087^§	G X T _L = 0.246	G X T _L = 0.010*
BUN/Creatinine Ratio	P	16.60 ± 3.05	18.58 ± 5.58	15.22 ± 4.38	22.49 ± 4.61	20.36 ± 5.29	18.65 ± 0.90	G = 0.589		G = 0.329
	TC	16.97 ± 3.87	18.33 ± 3.50	15.80 ± 3.53	19.50 ± 3.61	18.79 ± 5.26	17.88 ± 1.09	T <0.001*	T _L = 0.001*	T _q = 0.240
	Time Mean	16.75 ± 3.34	18.48 ± 4.77	15.46 ± 3.99^Ψ	21.27 ± 4.41^†Ψ◊	19.72 ± 5.23^†◊#		G X T = 0.158	G X T _L = 0.140	G X T _L = 0.103^§
Uric Acid (umol/L)	P	271 ± 46	292 ± 44	373 ± 48	321 ± 48	308 ± 47	313 ± 11	G = 0.789		G = 0.724
	TC	290 ± 50	308 ± 52	364 ± 64	326 ± 82	302 ± 65	318 ± 14	T <0.001*	T _q <0.001*	T _L = 0.014*
	Time Mean	280 ± 9	300 ± 9^†	369 ± 11^†Ψ	324 ± 13^†Ψ◊	305 ± 11^†◊#		G X T = 0.444	G X T _L = 0.188	G X T _L = 0.015*
CK (U/L)	P	606 ± 1696	276 ± 510	532 ± 627	907 ± 683	593 ± 525	583 ± 144	G = 0.626		G = 0.806
	TC	298 ± 317	228 ± 191	474 ± 253	870 ± 771	490 ± 395	472 ± 173	T = 0.036*	T _L = 0.139	T _q = 0.836
	Time Mean	452 ± 260	252 ± 81	503 ± 100^Ψ	889 ± 141^Ψ◊	541 ± 93^Ψ#		G X T = 0.680	G X T _q = 0.416	G X T _q = 0.599
Total Protein (mmol/L)	P	67.51 ± 8.56	72.93 ± 5.41^†	76.78 ± 4.95^†	70.77 ± 5.35^◊	80.21 ± 6.48^†Ψ#	73.64 ± 0.87	G = 0.746		G = 0.846
	TC	68.70 ± 8.06	76.28 ± 4.78^†	74.94 ± 8.85^†	67.83 ± 4.52^◊	78.20 ± 6.84^†#	73.19 ± 1.05	T < 0.001*	T _L <0.001*	T _L = 0.008*
	Time Mean	68.11 ± 1.64	74.61 ± 1.01^†	75.86 ± 1.33^†	69.30 ± 0.99^Ψ◊	79.20 ± 1.30^†Ψ◊#		G X T = 0.316	G X T _L = 0.066^§	G X T _L = 0.004*

Individual group and time data expressed as means ± SD, while group effects are presented as means ± SEM. Data represents the response to muscle catabolism, mechanical damage, and physiological stress at each testing session during the 10 day intervention. MANOVA analysis revealed overall Wilks’ Lambda time (p <0.001) and group x time (p = 0.504). Univariate ANOVA p-levels from MANOVA analysis are presented for each variable. Univariate ANOVA p-levels are listed first by the Greenhouse-Geisser (GG) analysis and then by the within-subjects contrasts (WSC) to demonstrate the potential shape of the time or group x time interaction with significance indicated by the following super/subscripts: *indicates p <0.05 p-level significance, §indicates p <0.10 p-level significance. LSD post hoc analysis is indicated by the following superscripts: † represents p <0.05 difference from baseline value, Ψ represents p <0.05 difference from pre-run, ◊ represents p <0.05 difference from 60-min post, # represents p <0.05 difference from 24-hr post. AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase, BUN blood urea nitrogen, CK creatine kinase, RFT race finish time, G group p-level, T time p-level, G x T interaction, q quadratic p-level, L linear p-level

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