Fig. 1

Effects of PA with or without the co-ingestion of WPC on mTOR signaling markers. Legend: Data are presented as means ± standard error, and bars not sharing similar superscript letters are significantly different (p < 0.05) as determined by one-way ANOVAs with protected LSD post hoc comparisons. CON n-size = 13, PA, WPC, and PA + WPC n-sizes = 7–8. Panels a–e: Effects of each ingredient on upstream positive modulators of protein synthesis. Panel f: representative digital images select phospho-targets that were altered with feedings