Research period
| |
PREHMB vs. PLA
|
HMB
|
Difference
|
PLACEBO
|
Difference
|
---|
|
p valuea
|
p valueb
|
p valueb
|
---|
BM (kg)
|
Pre
|
0.925
|
86.5 ± 9.3
|
0.016
|
86.2 ± 9.0
|
0.063
|
Post
| |
84.6 ± 8.1
|
84.8 ± 8.5
|
FFM (kg)
|
Pre
|
0.921
|
72.7 ± 6.3
|
0.117
|
72.9 ± 6.1
|
0.001
|
Post
| |
71.7 ± 5.6
|
70.9 ± 5.7
|
FM (kg)
|
Pre
|
0.755
|
13.8 ± 4.4
|
0.073
|
13.3 ± 4.7
|
0.197
|
Post
| |
12.8 ± 4.0
|
14.1 ± 4.3
|
\( \dot{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{O}}_2 \max \) (mL · min−1)
|
Pre
|
0.681
|
5794 ± 676
|
0.240
|
5897 ± 735
|
0.067
|
Post
| |
5905 ± 709
|
5723 ± 745
|
\( \dot{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{O}}_2 \max \) (mL · min−1 · kg−1)
|
Pre
|
0.572
|
67.3 ± 6.9
|
0.033
|
68.8 ± 8.0
|
0.438
|
Post
| |
70.0 ± 6.9
|
67.8 ± 8.5
|
Tref (min)
|
Pre
|
0.947
|
17.6 ± 3.1
|
0.043
|
17.7 ± 3.1
|
0.233
|
Post
| |
19.0 ± 3.6
|
18.5 ± 3.7
|
Wmax (W)
|
Pre
|
0.777
|
372 ± 52
|
0.052
|
378 ± 52
|
0.625
|
Post
| |
397 ± 56
|
384 ± 60
|
Wmax (W · kg−1)
|
Pre
|
0.621
|
4.31 ± 0.50
|
0.039
|
4.39 ± 0.41
|
0.234
|
Post
| |
4.70 ± 0.55
|
4.55 ± 0.65
|
HRmax (bpm)
|
Pre
|
0.962
|
185 ± 13
|
0.258
|
185 ± 9
|
0.136
|
Post
| |
188 ± 9
|
188 ± 10
|
TVT (min)
|
Pre
|
0.440
|
12.5 ± 2.1
|
0.003
|
12.8 ± 1.9
|
0.619
|
Post
| |
13.7 ± 2.2
|
12.6 ± 2.6
|
WVT (W)
|
Pre
|
0.187
|
278 ± 41
|
0.012
|
294 ± 36
|
0.310
|
Post
| |
309 ± 42
|
284 ± 47
|
WVT (W · kg−1)
|
Pre
|
0.248
|
3.24 ± 0.51
|
0.001
|
3.42 ± 0.32
|
0.554
|
Post
| |
3.66 ± 0.36
|
3.36 ± 0.49
|
HRVT (bpm)
|
Pre
|
0.399
|
157 ± 9
|
0.001
|
160 ± 10
|
0.598
|
Post
| |
166 ± 11
|
161 ± 9
|
CK (U · L−1)
|
Pre
|
0.865
|
328 ± 160
|
0.004
|
348 ± 169
|
0.008
|
Post
| |
241 ± 103
|
265 ± 156
|
LDH (U · L−1)
|
Pre
|
0.573
|
318 ± 36
|
0.033
|
326 ± 45
|
0.002
|
Post
| |
302 ± 35
|
302 ± 39
|
Testosterone (mg · dL−1)
|
Pre
|
0.895
|
510 ± 202
|
0.352
|
510 ± 154
|
0.569
|
Post
| |
552 ± 160
|
487 ± 160
|
Cortisol (mg · dL−1)
|
Pre
|
0.585
|
19.9 ± 5.3
|
0.331
|
20.0 ± 5.9
|
0.516
|
Post
|
20.6 ± 5.8
|
20.8 ± 4.1
|
T/C ratio (T · C−1*10−2)
|
Pre
|
0.51
|
3.39 ± 1.77
|
0.53
|
3.36 ± 0.99
|
0.30
|
Post
| |
3.41 ± 1.08
|
3.03 ± 1.11
|
Peak power (W)
|
Pre
|
0.615
|
1003 ± 125
|
0.027
|
1028 ± 147
|
0.853
|
Post
| |
1054 ± 116
|
1024 ± 122
|
Peak power (W · kg−1)
|
Pre
|
0.488
|
11.65 ± 1.01
|
0.020
|
11.92 ± 1.16
|
0.960
|
Post
| |
12.26 ± 0.83
|
11.91 ± 1.15
|
Average power (W)
|
Pre
|
0.924
|
725 ± 87
|
0.648
|
722 ± 87
|
0.660
|
Post
| |
720 ± 83
|
718 ± 82
|
Average power (W · kg−1)
|
Pre
|
0.854
|
8.36 ± 0.60
|
0.688
|
8.32 ± 0.55
|
0.736
|
Post
| |
8.30 ± 0.59
|
8.28 ± 0.65
|
Minimal power (W)
|
Pre
|
0.478
|
503 ± 75
|
0.095
|
486 ± 52
|
0.763
|
Post
| |
475 ± 54
|
491 ± 78
|
Minimal power (W · kg−1)
|
Pre
|
0.465
|
5.80 ± 0.78
|
0.119
|
5.63 ± 0.55
|
0.821
|
Post
| |
5.49 ± 0.53
|
5.67 ± 0.76
|
- Values are expressed as mean ± SD
-
BM body mass, FFM fat-free mass, FM fat mass, \( \dot{V}{O}_2 max \) maximal oxygen uptake, Tref exercise time before athlete’s refusal to continue exercising, Wmax maximum load, HRmax maximum heart rate, VT ventilatory threshold, T
VT
time to VT, W
VT
load at VT, HR
VT
heart rate at VT, CK creatine kinase, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, T/C ratio testosterone/cortisol ratio
-
aDepending on the data distribution: independent samples t-tests or Mann–Whitney U tests
-
bDepending on the data distribution: dependent samples t-tests or Wilcoxon-signed rank tests