TY - JOUR AU - Trexler, Eric T. AU - Smith-Ryan, Abbie E. AU - Stout, Jeffrey R. AU - Hoffman, Jay R. AU - Wilborn, Colin D. AU - Sale, Craig AU - Kreider, Richard B. AU - Jäger, Ralf AU - Earnest, Conrad P. AU - Bannock, Laurent AU - Campbell, Bill AU - Kalman, Douglas AU - Ziegenfuss, Tim N. AU - Antonio, Jose PY - 2015 DA - 2015/07/15 TI - International society of sports nutrition position stand: Beta-Alanine JO - Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition SP - 30 VL - 12 IS - 1 AB - The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) provides an objective and critical review of the mechanisms and use of beta-alanine supplementation. Based on the current available literature, the conclusions of the ISSN are as follows: 1) Four weeks of beta-alanine supplementation (4–6 g daily) significantly augments muscle carnosine concentrations, thereby acting as an intracellular pH buffer; 2) Beta-alanine supplementation currently appears to be safe in healthy populations at recommended doses; 3) The only reported side effect is paraesthesia (tingling), but studies indicate this can be attenuated by using divided lower doses (1.6 g) or using a sustained-release formula; 4) Daily supplementation with 4 to 6 g of beta-alanine for at least 2 to 4 weeks has been shown to improve exercise performance, with more pronounced effects in open end-point tasks/time trials lasting 1 to 4 min in duration; 5) Beta-alanine attenuates neuromuscular fatigue, particularly in older subjects, and preliminary evidence indicates that beta-alanine may improve tactical performance; 6) Combining beta-alanine with other single or multi-ingredient supplements may be advantageous when supplementation of beta-alanine is high enough (4–6 g daily) and long enough (minimum 4 weeks); 7) More research is needed to determine the effects of beta-alanine on strength, endurance performance beyond 25 min in duration, and other health-related benefits associated with carnosine. SN - 1550-2783 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-015-0090-y DO - 10.1186/s12970-015-0090-y ID - Trexler2015 ER -