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Table 3 Effect of supplementation on functional measures of muscle damage and fatigue following eccentric exercise

From: The effects PCSO-524®, a patented marine oil lipid and omega-3 PUFA blend derived from the New Zealand green lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus), on indirect markers of muscle damage and inflammation after muscle damaging exercise in untrained men: a randomized, placebo controlled trial

Variables/ Groups

Pre- supplementation

Post-supplementation

    
 

(Baseline)

Before muscle damaging exercise

24 h after muscle damaging exercise

48 h after muscle damaging exercise

72 h after muscle damaging exercise

96 h after muscle damaging exercise

DOMS (arbitrary units)

 Green-lipped mussel oil blend

2.3 ± 1.7

2.0 ± 2.0

4.9 ± 2.7¥,#

4.6 ± 2.2¥

2.7 ± 1.7#

1.8 ± 1.6#

 Placebo

1.9 ± 1.6

1.4 ± 1.5

4.4 ± 2.1¥, #

4.8 ± 1.8¥

3.9 ± 1.8¥,#

3.0 ± 2.2¥,#

 p-value*

0.700

0.563

0.847

0.441

0.029*

0.037*

Pressure Pain Threshold (% Δ from baseline)

 Green-lipped mussel oil blend

-

−0.08 ± 0.32%

−0.13 ± 0.26%

−0.12 ± 0.28%

−0.07 ± 0.34%

−0.01 ± 0.34%

 Placebo

-

−0.03 ± 0.35%

−0.15 ± 0.27%#

−0.10 ± 0.39%

−0.07 ± 0.41%

0.01 ± 0.50%

 p-value*

-

0.643

0.844

0.824

0.978

0.896

Knee Flexion Range of Motion (degrees)

 Green-lipped mussel oil blend

47.5 ± 6.1

46.7 ± 5.0

47.4 ± 5.2

44.6 ± 5.9#

45.7 ± 5.4

46.7 ± 4.4

 Placebo

45.8 ± 8.4

46.9 ± 9.8

47.3 ± 9.0

43.4 ± 7.1#

44.9 ± 8.5

41.8 ± 5.3¥

 p-value*

0.476

0.939

0.980

0.628

0.760

0.007*

Thigh Girth (swelling) (% Δ from baseline)

 Green-lipped mussel oil blend

-

0.01 ± 0.02%

0.02 ± 0.02%

0.01 ± 0.02%

0.01 ± 0.02%

0.02 ± 0.04%

 Placebo

-

0.00 ± 0.02%

0.02 ± 0.02%

0.01 ± 0.02%

0.02 ± 0.02%

0.02 ± 0.06%

 p-value*

-

0.631

0.970

0.953

0.582

0.971

Maximum Voluntary Isometric torque (Strength) (Nm)

 Green-lipped mussel oil blend

72.8 ± 22.2

82.1 ± 19.7#

76.2 ± 19.8#

78.7 ± 21.5

79.9 ± 20.2

84.6 ± 22.4¥,#

 Placebo

75.4 ± 19.3

82.1 ± 22.4#

74.9 ± 19.4#

74.6 ± 22.5

76.2 ± 20.8

83.9 ± 14.4

 p-value*

0.721

0.843

0.987

0.569

0.608

0.872

%ΔQtw,pot

 Green-lipped mussel oil blend

−27.8 ± 26.2

-

−30.4 ± 14.3

-

-

-

 Placebo

−23.9 ± 24.0

-

−39.5 ± 24.3¥

-

-

-

 p-value*

0.669

-

0.039

-

-

-

  1. *, p-value between groups at distinct time points (p < 0.05 denotes statistical significance between groups; p > 0.05 denotes no statistical significance between groups); ¥, significantly different (p < 0.05) to pre- supplementation (baseline) within group; #, significantly different (p < 0.05) from previous time point within group. Pressure pain threshold and thigh girth (swelling) are expressed as % change (Δ) from the pre- supplementation (baseline) value within group, since baseline values were significantly different (p < 0.05) between groups. DOMS, delayed onset muscle soreness; % ΔQtw,pot, % change in potentiated quadriceps twitch force from pre- to post-exercise (cycling time trial). Values expressed as mean ± SD.