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Table 5 Changes in blood chemistry

From: Effects of 28-days ingestion of a slow-release energy supplement versus placebo on hematological and cardiovascular measures of health

Variable

SUPP (n = 20)

PL (n = 20)

Reference Range

Pre

Post

Pre

Post

Glucose

88.3 ± 5.2

85.8 ± 6.1

83.2 ± 10.2

88.1 ± 6.24 ‡

65-99 mg/dL

Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

15.1 ± 4.2

15.4 ± 4.3

16.4 ± 4.1

16.4 ± 4.39

7-20 mg/dL

Creatinine

0.9 ± 0.2

1.0 ± 0.2

0.9 ± 0.2

1.0 ± 0.21

0.60-1.35M, 0.50-1.10F mg/dL

eGFR Non-Afr. American

107.3 ± 15.6

94.5 ± 15.8

103.6 ± 18.2

95.8 ± 14.82

≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2

eGFR Afr. American

124.4 ± 18.2

109.5 ± 18.2

119.9 ± 21.0

110.9 ± 17.19

≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2

Sodium

142.3 ± 2.9

143.2 ± 3.1

141.8 ± 3.2

143.1 ± 2.79

135-146 mmol/L

Potassium

4.6 ± 0.5

5.1 ± 0.5

4.7 ± 0.4

4.9 ± 0.57

3.8-5.1 mmol/L

Chloride

104.9 ± 2.6

105.7 ± 2.7

104.5 ± 2.2

104.9 ± 3.79

98-110 mmol/L

Carbon Dioxide

24.4 ± 2.7

25.4 ± 2.5

24.8 ± 2.0

26.1 ± 1.86

19-30 mmol/L

Calcium

9.6 ± 0.4

9.8 ± 0.3

9.7 ± 0.4

9.7 ± 0.33

8.6-10.3M, 8.6-10.2F mg/dL

Protein (TOTAL)

7.0 ± 0.4

7.1 ± 0.4

7.2 ± 0.5

7.0 ± 0.41

6.1-8.1 g/dL

Albumin

4.5 ± 0.3

4.4 ± 0.3

4.5 ± 0.3

4.4 ± 0.28

3.6-5.1 g/dL

Globulin

2.5 ± 0.4

2.6 ± 0.3

2.7 ± 0.3

2.6 ± 0.27

1.9-3.7 g/dL (calc)

Albumin/Globulin Ratio

1.8 ± 0.4

1.7 ± 0.3

1.7 ± 0.2

1.7 ± 0.19

1.0-2.5 (calc)

Bilirubin (TOTAL)

0.8 ± 0.5

0.7 ± 0.3

0.7 ± 0.4

0.7 ± 0.41

0.2-1.1 mg/dL

Alkaline Phosphatase

67.6 ± 17.2

65.4 ± 18.8

59.4 ± 21.4

57.0 ± 21.58

40-115M, 33-115F U/L

AST

25.9 ± 15.7

24.5 ± 12.0

20.1 ± 8.8

20.0 ± 10.2

12-32 U/L

ALT

21.4 ± 11.2

22.2 ± 13.3

17.8 ± 7.9

18.8 ± 12.63

9-46M, 6-29F U/L

  1. ‡ = Between groups interaction, p ≤ 0.05; Pre = pre-supplementation; Post = post-supplementation; eGFR = epidermal growth factor receptor; AST = aspartate aminotransferase; ALT = alanine aminotransferase; M = Male; F = Female; Data presented as mean ± SD.