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Table 1 Summary of cycling time trial performance data: performance time and power output

From: Effects of lowering body temperature via hyperhydration, with and without glycerol ingestion and practical precooling on cycling time trial performance in hot and humid conditions

Course Profile

Treatment

Performance time

Power output

Qualitative inference

Phase

Distance

Intervention

mean ± SD

Mean Δ; ± 90% CL

P

mean ± SD

Mean Δ; ± 90% CL

P

(% Chance of positive / trivial / negative outcome compared to CON)

 

(km)

 

(h:min:sec.0)

(%)

 

(W)

(%)

  

Total

0 – 46.4

CON

1:18:47 ± 5:09

-

-

276 ± 37

-

-

-

PC

1:18:28 ± 4:40

−0.4; ± 0.9

0.49

277 ± 34

0.5; ± 2.0

0.66

Unclear (4/96/0)

PC+G

1:18:47 ± 5:10

0.0; ± 1.5

0.99

278 ± 40

0.5; ± 3.7

0.79

Unclear (7/87/6)

(PC V PC+G)

-

−0.4; ± 1.2

0.60

-

0; ±3.2

0.99

Unclear (8/91/1)

Lap 1

0 – 23.2

CON

38:55 ± 2:23

-

-

279 ± 36

-

-

-

PC

39:06 ± 2:23

0.5; ± 1.3

0.55

277 ± 36

−0.6; ± 2.2

0.63

Unclear (21/84/14)

PC+G

39:17 ± 2:34

0.9; ± 1.5

0.31

276 ± 41

−1.3; ± 3.3

0.51

Unclear (1/66/32)

(PC V PC+G)

-

−0.4; ± 1.3

0.54

-

0.7; ± 3.3

0.72

Unclear (13/86/2)

Lap 2

23.2 – 46.4

CON

39:52 ± 2:50

-

-

273 ± 39

-

-

-

PC

39:22 ± 2:28

−1.2; ± 1.1

0.07

276 ± 33

1.4; ± 2.6

0.34

Possible improvement (31/69/0); OR>66

PC+G

39:29 ± 2:45

−0.9; ± 2.0

0.41

278 ± 43

2.4; ± 5.2

0.41

Unclear (30/68/2); OR<66

(PC V PC+G)

-

−0.3; ± 1.7

0.78

-

−0.6; ± 4.5

0.82

Unclear (11/85/4)

Climb 1

0 – 12.5

CON

25:46.6 ± 1:58.1

-

-

289 ± 31

-

-

-

PC

25:55.6 ± 1:59.0

0.6; ± 1.7

0.54

291 ± 37

0.4; ± 2.5

0.77

Unclear (2/84/14)

PC+G

26:03.8 ± 2:09.2

1.1; ± 2.1

0.39

291 ± 42

0; ± 3.8

0.99

Unclear (2/66/32)

(PC V PC+G)

-

−0.5; ± 1.6

0.61

-

0.4; ± 3.1

0.81

Unclear (11/87/2)

Climb 2

23.2 – 35.7

CON

26:56.7 ± 2:22.0

-

-

274 ± 39

-

-

-

PC

26:26.2 ± 2:05.5

−1.8; ± 1.2

0.02

280 ± 33

2.4; ± 2.1

0.07

Possible improvement (49/51/0); OR>66

PC+G

26:36.9 ± 2:21.0

−1.2; ± 2.4

0.37

280 ± 43

2.8; ± 4.7

0.29

Unclear (33/65/2); OR<66

(PC V PC+G)

-

−0.6; ± 2.2

0.63

-

−0.1; ± 4.6

0.97

Unclear (16/80/3)

Descent 1

12.5 – 23.2

CON

13:08.7 ± 35.2

-

-

254 ± 38

-

-

-

PC

13:10.3 ± 32.3

0.2; ± 0.8

0.65

251 ± 35

−1.0; ± 3.1

0.56

Unclear (1/91/7)

PC+G

13:13.3 ± 36.2

0.6; ± 0.9

0.25

248 ± 41

−2.4; ± 4.9

0.38

Likely trivial (0/77/23)

(PC V PC+G)

-

−0.4; ± 0.9

0.49

-

1.4; ± 4.2

0.56

Unclear (14/85/1)

Descent 2

37.5 – 46.4

CON

12:54.9 ± 37.3

-

-

270 ± 42

-

-

-

PC

12:55.7 ± 32.3

0.1; ± 0.8

0.78

267 ± 35

−0.6; ± 4.1

0.80

Unclear (1/95/4)

PC+G

12:52.5 ± 35.3

−0.3; ± 1.1

0.63

273 ± 44

1.8; ± 6.4

0.61

Unclear (13/84/3)

  

(PC V PC+G)

-

0.4; ± 0.7

0.29

-

−1.7; ± 4.8

0.53

Likely trivial (0/92/8)

  1. Note: CL = confidence limits; OR = odds ratio; P = probability; Outcomes were assessed by using the following criteria: trivial <0.4%, small 0.4 – 1.1%, moderate 1.2-2.0%, large 2.1-3.2%, very large 3.3 – 5.1%, and extremely large >5.2% change in performance time.
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Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

ISSN: 1550-2783

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